1. Please describe what was unique about Samuel Kistler's experiments in 1931 that led to the development of aerogels, and how it was applied to develop an engineering material.

2. Explain why silica aero gels are extremely efficient thermal insulators based on how their structure influence thermal properties.

3. What is a bio material and how does it relate to a biological material?

4. Please explain where titanium can be found in a knee replacement and what properties are responsible for its selection as a bio material in this application.

5. What is the distinction between matrix and dispersed phases in a composite material?

6. For a polymer matrix fiber reinforced composite, list the functions of the matrix and fiber phases, and explain why a strong bond must exist at the interface between the fibers and matrix.

7. What is the distinction between cement and concrete?

8. What is the difference between a pulp and paper mill?

9. The Kraft pulping process accounts for approximately 70% of all paper making. Please describe this manufacturing process, and explain why its use has dominated the paper making industry for over 100 years.

10. What is responsible for the different melting temperatures of chocolate? In that context, please explain why milk chocolate melts at a lower temperature than dark chocolate.