1) Machiavelli wrote in The Prince that a "prince must not keep faith when by doing so it would be against his self-interest." What would a ruler following this precept most likely do?

a. ruthlessly betray his friends to remain in power

b. carefully weigh the common good against his personal ambitions

c. consult his priest before making important decisions

d. recognize the inherent rights of citizens to life and liberty15 Final Examination

2) What best describes Judy Chicago's most famous work, the Dinner Party?

a. a cycle of dramas depicting African-American characters and social life

b. a set of intensely personal poems about her experience as mother and housewife

c. a controversial art installation commemorating women heroes

d. an acclaimed dance performance with the American Dance Theater

3) The terms capella and imitation would most likely be used in a discussion of what artist?

a. Josquin des Préz

b. Raphael Sanzio

c. Michelangelo

d. Marsilio Ficino.

4) Which of these was an important factor in the Low Countries' "commercial revolution"?

a. King Henry VIII's split with the Catholic church

b. the invention of linear and atmospheric perspective

c. destruction of churches and religious art during peasant revolts

d. accumulation of wealth in the hands of a merchant class

5) One would likely hear the term madrigal in a discussion of what topic?

a. music in Renaissance England

b. the Lutheran Bible

c. Palestrina's harmonies

d. Palladio's classical designs

6) What northern Renaissance writer's greatest work is devoted to a satirical exposure of religious corruption and prejudice?

a. Pico della Mirandola

b. Machiavelli

c. Thomas More

d. Desiderius Erasmus

7) What northern Renaissance humanist writer expressed his philosophical skepticism in the form of personal essays?

a. Michel de Montaigne

b. William Shakespeare

c. Thomas More

d. Desiderius Erasmus

8) Which is the best example of the vivid and precise realism of Northern Renaissance painting?

a. Van Eyck's Marriage of Arnolfini

b. Tintoretto's Last Supper

c. Parmigianino's Madonna of the Long Neck

d. Bruegel's The Hunters' Return

9) The Teatro Olimpico illustrates the influence of what Renaissance technique, borrowed from painting?

a. blank verse

b. chiaroscuro

c. linear perspective

d. commedia dell'arte

10) In carrying the technique of chiaroscuro (dramatic light and shadow) to the cities of Florence and Naples, Artemisia Gentileschi spread the influence of what artist?

a. Nicolas Poussin

b. Gianlorenzo Bernini

c. Caravaggio

d. Johannes Vermeer

11) In what regard is Velazquez's masterpiece The Maids of Honor (Las Meni- ñas), a scene in the artist's royal studio, most remarkable?

a. its complex arrangement of space

b. a brilliant use of red, blue, and gold

c. its mood of gaiety and self-indulgence

d. the novel treatment of a religious theme

12) What would the Academy, as established under the rule of Louis XIV, most likely do?

a. ensure a religious content in pictures

b. oversee the Dutch market in paintings

c. encourage innovative styles of painting

d. impose absolutist neoclassical rules on artists

13) Which statement best describes the works of Molière?

a. attracted a diverse audience to public theaters

b. essential in the popularization of modern science

c. showed the clear influence of Shakespeare

d. developed under the patronage of Louis XIV

14) What best describes the cantatas of J. S. Bach?

a. marked the origin of baroque opera in Germany

b. adopted the musical form of concerto grosso

c. served as an important part of Lutheran church worship

d. were usually performed in the courts of German nobles

15) Which of these figures is associated with the heliocentric theory of the universe, an important advance in the Scientific Revolution?

a. René Descartes

b. John Locke

c. Nicolaus Copernicus

d. Antonio Vivaldi

16) Who created romanticized portraits that he called "fancy pictures" that appealed to the wealthy classes of eighteenth-century Britain?

a. William Hogarth

b. Thomas Gainsborough

c. Balthasar Neumann

d. Antoine Watteau

17) Jean-Jacques Rousseau's novel titled Émile would today be most influential in what field of study?

a. the nature of religious experience

b. the philosophy of education

c. the philosophical basis of modern science

d. the economic study of free markets

18) Which of these works might have been most influenced by Palladio's book of classical designs, an important document in eighteenth-century neoclassicism?

a. Boffrand's Hôtel de Soubise

b. Haydn's London symphonies

c. Noverre's ballet d'action

d. Jefferson's Monticello

19) Which of these would one expect to hear in the sonata allegro movement of a Classical symphony?

a. the development

b. Storm and Stress

c. a recitative

d. the libretto

20) Which movement or style aimed to free Germany from artificial imitations of French culture?

a. neoclassicism

b. the sentimental drama

c. the Encyclopedists

d. cult of sensibilité

21) How did Ludwig van Beethoven substantially alter the Classical symphony form of Haydn and Mozart?

a. used the motif to expand and unify the symphony structure

b. emphasized the classical simplicity of his mentors' style

c. eliminated the symphony's fourth movement

d. selectively reduced the number of instruments in the orchestra

22) Which of these works celebrated the romantic belief in political freedom and social unity?

a. J. M. W. Turner's Slave Ship

b. Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People

c. Bierstadt's Among the Sierra Nevada

d. Friedrich's Wanderer Above the Mists

23) For what reason would Turner's The Slave Ship have been criticized by traditional art critics?

a. depicted mythological creatures and fantastic scenes

b. depicted a commonplace scene from ordinary life

c. disregarded precise detail in favor of atmospheric color and light

d. incorporated classical sculpture and architecture

24) In what kind of work would one most likely expect to encounter the technique of the idée fixe?

a. a building by A. N. Pugin

b. a drama by Goethe

c. a symphony by Hector Berlioz

d. a painting by Francisco Goya

25) Which of these was famed as a virtuoso pianist and composer of romantic nocturnes and preludes?

a. Frédéric Chopin

b. William Blake

c. Robert Schumann

d. Hector Berlioz

26) What statement best expresses the utilitarian philosophy of J. S. Mill?

a. the strong must be free to create their own value system

b. all ideas come from God and deserve to be heard

c. actions are right insofar as they promote happiness

d. all species, including humans, are engaged in the struggle to survive

27) What made Joseph Paxton's Crystal Palace notable?

a. Art Nouveau-style decoration

b. Gothic gloominess and mystery

c. iron-and-glass construction

d. use of neoclassical motifs

28) The literary names of Gustave Flaubert and Henrik Ibsen are closely associated with what "-ism"?

a. symbolism

b. impressionism

c. realism

d. socialism

29) Why would the artistic public of the 120s most likely have rejected Edouard Manet's Luncheon on the Grass?

a. the work seemed to call for violent uprisings of urban workers

b. the work's sketchy brush strokes seemed amateurish

c. the work depicted exotic tropical scenes in garish colors

d. the picture placed a bold nude woman in a contemporary setting

30) What pair of painters best defines the pure impressionist style of brilliant color and vibrant brushwork?

a. Paul Cézanne and Georges Seurat

b. Gustave Courbet and Honoré Daumier

c. Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir

d. Edouard Manet and Edgar Degas

31) What work is associated with Die Brücke, a movement of German expressionist artists of the 1320s?

a. Kafka's The Metamorphosis

b. Nolde's Dance Around the Golden Calf

c. Picasso's Three Musicians

d. Copland's Appalachian Spring

32) "Roped together like two mountain-climbers," as one said, what two artists invented the analytic and synthetic methods of cubist painting?

a. Marcel Duchamp and Henri Matisse

b. Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso

c. Salvador Dali and Joan Miró

d. Paul Klee and Walter Gropius

33) Which statement best describes Duke Ellington?

a. author of the jazz-influenced work Threepenny Opera

b. strongly influenced by the atonal methods of Schoenberg

c. successfully collaborated with Sergei Diaghilev

d. composed his works principally for jazz ensembles

34) Who fashioned a system of teaching modern dance that made it as rigorous
as classical ballet?

a. Martha Graham

b. Willa Cather

c. Georgia O'Keeffe

d. Isadora Duncan

35) Which statement best describes the architect Frank Lloyd Wright?

a. believed a building should connect its occupants and surroundings

b. was a central figure of the Bauhaus movement in Germany

c. was the inventor of architectural modernism in the U.S.

d. envisioned "radiant cities" of skyscrapers and super-highways

36) Which term is best associated with the international political situation of the 1350s, in the aftermath of World War II and the defeat of fascism?

a. post-modernism

b. Cold War

c. global terror

d. the Great Depression

37) Which statement best describes the work of Anne Sexton and Sylvia Plath?

a. was strongly influenced by the Beatles and other groups of 130s rock- and-roll

b. composed poetry in a "confessional" vein, with graphic images of female sexuality

c. wrote self-consciously metaphysical stories about labyrinthine fictional worlds

d. dealt principally with African-American characters and social life

38) Which structure best illustrates the architectural principles of the International Style-glass-and-steel towers of unadorned purity?

a. Michael Graves' Portland Public Services Building

b. Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson's Seagram Building

c. Frank Gehry's Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

d. Charles Moore's Piazza d'Italia

39) The fiction of Gabriel García Márquez, notably his novel One Hundred Years of Solitude, is best described by which term?

a. organic

b. beat

c. existentialist

d. magic realism.