1) In Hilgard's theory, the _______ remains aware of what is going on during hypnosis.
"hypnotized" part of the mind
brain stem
"hidden observer" part of the mind
conscious mind

2) The "hidden observer":
remains aware of what is going on during hypnosis.
gives people superhuman strength under hypnosis.
guides people's actions when they are hypnotized.
counters the effects of hypnosis.

3) Hypnosis is unable to do which of the following?
help people relax in situations that would normally cause them stress
create amnesia for whatever happens during the session
relieve pain
give people superhuman strength

4) Mariam takes 20 minutes daily to sit by herself and meditate. A fully meditative state is a form of:
waking consciousness.
convergent thinking.
non-REM sleep.
altered consciousness.

5) Freud used dreams as a way to get at patients':
phobias.
susceptibility to psychoanalysis.
brain waves.
unconscious conflicts stemming from childhood.

6) In the ____________, dreams are less realistic because they come not from the outside world of reality but from within people's memories and experiences.
restorative theory
adaptive theory
latent content theory
activation-synthesis hypothesis

7) The ________ of a dream is the actual dream itself.
latent content
manifest content
conflict
repression

8) ____________ works to change the way people think about the stresses in their lives and react to those stressors, working toward more effective coping without using drugs.
Contingency-management therapy
Cognitive-behavioral intervention
Classical conditioning
Counterconditioning

9) How many drinks would the average person have to consume to reach a blood alcohol level of approximately 0.15%?
3-5
6-7
8-10
10-12

10) Barbiturates are known as:
gateway drugs.
the major tranquilizers.
the minor tranquilizers.
hallucinogens.

11) Which of the following is NOT true about psychoactive drugs?
Some can cause users to develop a drug tolerance.
Many were originally developed to help people.
They alter thinking, perception, memory, or some combination of these abilities.
All of them produce physical dependence in users.

12) Methamphetamine is an example of a:
depressant.
narcotic.
hallucinogen.
stimulant.

13) Physical sensations, such as nausea or extreme pain, that occur when the body is trying to adjust to the absence of a drug are called:
Korsakoff's syndrome.
tolerance.
the "crash."
withdrawal.

14) Even in mild doses, marijuana negatively affects:
reaction time.
mood.
appetite.
the ability to sleep.

15) A person has entered N3 (R&K Stages 3 and 4) sleep when delta waves account for ___ percent or more of brain wave activity.
20
5
90
75

16) A person with sleep apnea:
stops breathing for 10 seconds or more.
falls asleep without warning.
experiences a state of panic.
gets up and walks around while still sleeping.

17) The ________ is the internal clock that tells people when to wake up and when to fall asleep.
suprachiasmatic nucleus
pons
hippocampus
amygdala

18) Sleep apnea has been shown to cause:
REM behavior disorder.
narcolepsy.
heart problems.
SIDS.

19) A hypnic jerk is likely to occur during:
N2 (R&K Stage 2).
N1 (R&K Stage 1).
microsleeps.
REM sleep.

20) Predators such as lions sleep ________ their prey, the gazelle.
fewer hours per day than
more hours per day than
the same number of hours per day as
on the same schedule as

21) Which of the following is TRUE about night terrors?
They occur fairly equally in children and adults.
They are a state of panic experienced while asleep.
They happen during a light stage of sleep.
They are a common disorder.

22) Natural cycles of activity that bodies must go through are called:
states of consciousness.
hypnotic states.
biological rhythms.
microsleeps.

23) A sudden loss of muscle tone is called:
REM paralysis.
somnambulism.
narcolepsy.
cataplexy.

24) Theodora suffers from an inability to get to sleep and to stay asleep. Which of the following would help Theodora with her insomnia?
watching the clock so she knows how much sleep she is actually getting
spending some time in bed relaxing, reading or watching TV until she gets sleepy
trying various sleeping pills until she finds one that doesn't cause REM rebound
going to bed and getting up on a regular schedule

25) The social-cognitive theory of hypnosis assumes that people who are hypnotized are:
only playing a role.
in a kind of dreamlike state.
in a fully altered state.
completely under the command of the hypnotist.

26) Melatonin supplements are often used to treat:
jet lag.
Korsakoff's syndrome.
alcohol withdrawal.
night terrors.

27) Nightmares are more common in children than in adults because _____.
children suffer from lost sleep more often than adults
children spend more of their sleep in the REM state
children have more vivid imaginations than adults
growth hormones are released from the pituitary during non-REM sleep

28) Paul is a snorer who sometimes gasps for air while sleeping. Paul mostly likely suffers from:
narcolepsy.
sleep apnea.
insomnia.
somnambulism.

29) An example of a biological rhythm is:
dreaming.
a state of increased alertness.
the beat of the heart.
hunger.

30) Niles has begun to fall asleep suddenly during the day, sometimes in inappropriate places. Niles is most likely suffering from:
sleep apnea.
narcolepsy.
insomnia.
not enough melatonin.