1. In 100 to 150 words, explain what powers were granted to the federal government--enumerated powers and implied powers--in the U.S. Constitution, what powers were specifically denied to the federal government, and what powers were reserved to the states and the people.

2. In 150 to 250 words, explain the three primary eras of federalism in United States history; for example, 1789-1865, an indestructible union; 1865-1937, dual federalism and laissez-faire capitalism; and 1937--present, federalism today. In explaining the last era, specifically address the following issues:

3. Did President Franklin Roosevelt's proposed court-stacking plan and the court's subsequent decisions, which "removed the constitutional barrier to increased federal authority," fundamentally alter the state and federal governmental relationship?

4. Explain how President Ronald Reagan, in the 1980s, and a Republican Congress, in the mid-1990s, attempted to address this via the principle of devolution?