1. How much steam, at 100 oC, must be added to 4.5 L of milk initially at 18 oC to raise the milk's temperature up to 100 oC? Assume that the density and specific heat of milk are the same as water, and none of the milk boils.

2. A rigid (constant volume) container holds 4.6 moles of an ideal gas initially at 190 K and 2.0 atm. Heat is added to the gas until it reaches a temperature of 630 K. A valve on the container it then opened so the gas ends up at a pressure of 1.0 atm. The final temperature of the gas remains at 630 K.

How much gas is in the container at the final pressure and temperature?

3. You have two containers of a monatomic ideal gas that are intially at the same Pressure, Volume, and Temperature.

You add 410 J of heat to container 1 in a constant temperature process.

You add 410 J of heat to container 2 in a constant pressure process.

What is the difference in work done in these processes, 1 - 2? In other words, if W1 is the work done in process 1 and W2 is the work done in process 2, what is W1 - W2?

4. How much work must be done on 1.5 moles of an ideal gas at 450 K to reduce its volume by a factor of 0.24 (i.e., Vf = 0.24 Vi) at constant temperature?