1. How many grams of bromine are needed to react with 69.4 g of lithium to produce lithium bromide? 2 Li(s) + Br2(l) ?? 2 LiBr(s) 2. According to the following equation, how many grams of carbon are produced by the complete decomposition of 50.0 g of sucrose? C12H22O11(s) ?? 11 H2O(g) + 12 C(s) 3. In the equation below, how many grams of nitrogen monoxide are produced from the reaction of 0.25 mol of copper with excess nitric acid? 3 Cu(s) + 8 HNO3(aq) ?? 3 Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 4 H2O(l) + 2 NO(g) 4. Potassium chlorate will decompose when heated to form two products, one of which is oxygen gas. The other is a solid that remains in the test tube. mass of empty test tube 13.85 g mass of test tube and potassium chlorate 38.85 g mass of test tube and final product 29.44 g a. Write the balanced equation for the reaction. b. What mass of potassium chlorate reacted? (Assume all the available potassium chlorate reacted.) c. What is the actual yield of oxygen? d. Determine the theoretical yield of oxygen. e. Calculate the percent error. 5. Copper reacts with aqueous silver nitrate to produce silver metal. The following data were collected: initial mass of copper 1.76 g final mass of copper 1.12 g mass of filter paper 0.91 g mass of filter paper plus silver 3.12 g a. Write the balanced equation for the reaction. b. What mass of copper reacted? c. Calculate the theoretical yield of silver. d. What was the actual mass of silver produced? e. Calculate the percent error for the yield. 1. When producing gasoline (assume C8H18) from coal (assume pure carbon) and hydrogen gas, what mass of coal will react with 50.0 kmol of hydrogen? 2. How many moles of chlorine gas are required to produce 1.000 kg of laundry bleach (CaOCl2(s) or Ca(OCl)2 ? CaCl2(s)) from solid lime and chlorine? (Lime is calcium oxide). 3. What mass of lye (NaOH) can be produced from the reaction of 148 g of slaked lime (Ca(OH)2(s)) reacting with sufficient soda ash (Na2CO3(s))? 4. When a copper strip is added to concentrated nitric acid, a brown poisonous gas is evolved. Determine the number of moles of gas produced when 1.27 g of copper react. 1 Cu(s) + 4 HNO3(aq) ___ Cu(NO3)¬2(aq) + ___ H2O(l) + ___ NO2(g) 5. What mass of liquid hydrogen is required to react with 5.00 kg of liquid oxygen in a Saturn rocket? 6. What mass of gypsum crystals ("set" plaster of Paris, CaSO4 ? 2H2O) can be prepared from 29.04 g of plaster of Paris (CaSO4)2 ? H2O)? (CaSO4)2 ? H2O(s) + 3 H2O(l) 2 CaSO4 ? 2H2O(s) (i.e. 2 {CaSO4 ? 2H2O}) Draw electron energy-level diagrams for: 11. Cl 12. Ca2+ 13. Determine the number of moles of sucrose molecules in 100 g of sugar in a bowl. For each of the following stoichiometric problems, write the balanced chemical equation showing all states of matter, and report the answer to the correct number of significant digits. 14. In 1937, the Hindenberg, a hydrogen-filled dirigible, exploded as the hydrogen gas reacted violently with oxygen. What mass of product would be produced if 250 kg of hydrogen reacted? 15. Milk of magnesia, containing magnesium hydroxide, can be taken to relieve the burning sensation produced by excess stomach acid, hydrochloric acid. What mass of magnesium hydroxide is necessary to react completely with 0.200 mol of hydrochloric acid? 16. Acetylene, C2H2(g), is a very useful hydrocarbon often used as a fuel for welders' torches. What mass of liquefied oxygen is required to react with 7.00 g of liquefied acetylene?