1. Having a deep understanding of research methods will be beneficial in_______.

• Critically reading a research report
• Analyzing research results
• Evaluating the validity of the methods used to conduct a research study
• All of the above

2. A characteristic of the scientific method is __________.

• Data analysis
• Theories
• Variables
• Empiricism

3. What benefits does the scientific approach have over other methods?

• It is a method that tests ethics and beliefs to share with other scientists.
• It is a method that involves gathering, evaluating, and reporting information in an objective way.
• It is a method that involves observing the environment and critiquing observations in a scientific way.
• None of the above

4. Scientific research includes four goals, which are_______.

• To examine, predict, manipulate behavior, and explain
• To observe, understand, observe changes, and predict
• To predict, describe, determine causes, and understand or explain behavior
• To describe, report, manipulate behavior, and observe behavior

5. Basic research attempts to answer questions involving_____.

• Theoretical issues
• Nature of human behavior
• None of the above
• Both A and B

6. A scientist was asked to conduct a study on aggression while driving. What type of research is this an example of?

• Applied
• Evaluation
• Basic
• Both B and C

7. A participant in a study may face all of the following risks EXCEPT_______.

• Built confidence
• Loss of confidentiality
• Psychological harm
• Physical harm

8. When researchers use deception, withhold information, and/or harm the participant, what must be done?

• Additional research
• Participant detox
• Debriefing
• All of the above

9. What type of experiment is the Stanford Prison Experiment?

• Basic
• Simulation
• Role-reversal
• Role-playing

10. Which of the following facts is TRUE?

• The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services issued rules and regulations that must be followed when working with human participants.
• If there is no risk in a research study, the study is exempt from an institutional review board review.
• Federal funding for institutions must include an institutional review board.
• All of the above.

11. What type of scale is utilized for the following variables? Explain your answers.

• a. Social class
• b. Popular songs on the Top 40 list
• c. Intelligence scores
• d. Newborns' low and normal birth weights

12. When is it appropriate for deception to be used in a research study? When is it not appropriate? How can the negative effects be mitigated?

13. Indicate the type of approach that would be the most useful for the following list of research topics and explain why:

• a. Pushing ahead in a line
• b. Daydreaming
• c. Locating the most popular exhibit in a museum
• d. Studiousness in college students
• e. Determining if a patient has improved with therapy

14. Describe a matched-groups design.

15. Describe the issues with the following research conclusion: The correlation coefficient between variables X and Y = +2.3 which proves that X is causing Y.