1. Communists influenced the public response to the Depression by

A) threatening to overthrow the federal government.
B) providing financial support to the unemployed and homeless.
C) praising the effectiveness of Europe's dictatorships.
D) organizing protest actions and supporting the labor movement.

2. One result of Roosevelt's efforts to "pack" the Supreme Court was the

A) expansion of the number of justices on the Court.
B) abandonment of the New Deal by southern Democrats.
C) overturning of some pieces of New Deal legislation.
D) development of the "recession within the depression."

3. With the Agricultural Adjustment Act, the federal government legitimized and institutionalized ideas promoted by

A) Milo Reno.
B) John Steinbeck.
C) Luisa Moreno.
D) Frances Perkins.

4. Which of the following represents the philosophy of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration under Harry Hopkins?

A) Since there was a limited amount of relief money, it had to be distributed slowly and carefully.
B) The unemployed had been waiting for relief long enough; they shouldn't have to wait any longer.
C) The federal government, not states or cities, should be responsible for distributing the funds.
D) The agency needed to establish clear criteria, which it would use to evaluate requests for funding.

5. Francis Townsend's "Cure for Depressions" can be interpreted as the inspiration for the

A) Works Progress Administration.
B) National Youth Administration.
C) Congress of Industrial Organizations.
D) Social Security Act of 1935.

6. Eleanor Roosevelt's influence on her husband was apparent in his decision to

A) establish the Securities and Exchange Commission.
B) regularly broadcast his fireside chats on the radio.
C) bring low-cost electricity to rural communities.
D) appoint Frances Perkins to head the Department of Labor.

7. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was supposed to revitalize the economy by providing an infusion of federal funds to

A) state and municipal governments.
B) the banking and railroad industries.
C) social welfare programs.
D) industry and manufacturing.

8. The growth of the American Communist party during the 1930s can be attributed to

A) dissatisfaction with the response of government and employers to the Depression.
B) the support and encouragement of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his administration.
C) the Bonus Army's march to and occupation of parts of Washington, D.C.
D) admiration for the dictatorial governing style of Soviet premier Joseph Stalin.

9. The intended goal of the Indian Reorganization Act (1934) was to

A) enhance Indian autonomy and preserve native customs and language.
B) encourage Indian assimilation and integration into the mainstream.
C) address the high rates of unemployment and poverty among Indians.
D) relocate Indian tribes to land that was better suited to farming.

10. The problems of sharecroppers and tenant fanners were ignored by the government until the

A) passage of the Agricultural Adjustment Act.
B) establishment of the Tennessee Valley Authority.
C) establishment of National Recovery Administration.
D) passage of the second Agricultural Adjustment Act.

11, A higher proportion of black women than white women worked outside the home both prior to and during the Depression because

A) white families would only hire black women to work in their homes.
B) white women workers refused to perform domestic labor.
C) black men faced higher rates of unemployment than white men.
D) black women generally earned higher wages than white women.

12. Franklin Roosevelt's critics accused him of becoming a European-style dictator after he

A) tried to increase the number of Supreme Court justices.
B) decided to fund the Social Security system through taxes.
C) approved the establishment of the National Labor Relations Board.
D) invested federal funds in the Works Progress Administration.

13. What consequence did his handling of the Bonus Army protest have for President Hoover?

A) He developed a reputation as a strong and decisive leader.
B) His reliance on military force made him seem insecure.
C) He decided not to run for reelection to the presidency.
D) He appeared insensitive to the plight of ordinary people.

14. Which of the following explains Franklin Roosevelt's popularity with voters in 1932?

A) Roosevelt seemed to have a specific plan for rebuilding the economy.
B) Voters could relate to him because he shared their economic struggles.
C) Roosevelt expressed concern and compassion for the ordinary American.
D) Voters thought he would continue to carry out President Hoover's policies.

15. Father Coughlin and Huey Long shared a critical view of the New Deal and an antipathy toward

A) Communists.
B) Jews.
C) the wealthy.
D) the debt-ridden.

16. The public's impression of Hoover during his presidency was that he

A) effectively handled the economic crisis.
B) was too hard on Wall Street and big business.
C) was too aloof and insensitive to people's suffering.
D) was too concerned with alleviating unemployment.

17. Herbert Hoover's initial response to the Depression was to

A) ask Congress to strengthen regulation of the banks.
B) run to local governments and charities to provide relief.
C) pressure private industry to not raise prices for consumers.
D) begin planning a major federally funded jobs program.

18. Fleeing the dust storms of the 1930s, "Okies" in search of new jobs and homes headed for

A) Washington, D.C.
B) Texas.
C) New Mexico.
D) California.

19. The popularity of Father Coughlin and Huey Pierce Long motivated President Roosevelt to

A) invest in more public works programs.
B) make a greater effort to balance the budget.
C) stop trying to appeal to southern voters.
D) use federal funds to support artists and writers.

20. The 1932 decision by Hoover and Congress to raise taxes across the board to control the federal deficit resulted in

A) a balanced federal budget by year's end.
B) funding for a major public works project.
C) the loss of millions of additional jobs.
D) the closing of banks and insurance companies.

21. Neither Hoover nor Roosevelt wanted their solutions to the Depression to

A) include public works programs.
B) invest in national infrastructure.
C) increase agricultural prices.
D) increase the federal deficit.

22. The results of the 1936 elections suggested that the Democratic party had become the party of

A) those who wanted a dictatorial leader.
B) radicals and Communist sympathizers.
C) those whose wealth survived the Depression.
D) the working-class, poor, and unemployed.

23. John Steinbeck's novel The Grapes of Wrath captured the experience of

A) displaced tenant farmers and sharecroppers.
B) migrants attempting to escape the Dust Bowl.
C) Mexicans deported back to their native land.
D) homeless residents of makeshift "Hoovervilles."

24. What did the members of the Bonus Army want from the federal government?

A) Early payment of a benefit promised to World War I veterans
B) Financial relief for farmers who were facing foreclosure
C) A public works program to provide jobs for the unemployed
D) Legislation to prevent employers from cutting their workers' pay

25. Although the New Deal had a limited impact on the lives of ordinary African Americans, President Roosevelt's symbolic efforts on behalf of racial equality resulted in

A) the appointment of African American cabinet members.
B) the Marian Anderson concert at the Lincoln Memorial.
C) Congress agreeing to pass anti-lynching legislation.
D) large numbers of African Americans becoming Democrats.

26. Mexican and Japanese immigrants faced similar types of discrimination and hardship during the Depression, but only

A) Mexicans faced competition for jobs from white migrants.
B) Japanese voluntarily returned to their homeland.
C) unemployed Mexicans were forcibly deported.
D) Japanese faced job discrimination before the Depression.

27. Many Native American tribes rejected the Indian Reorganization Act because

A) they denied the federal government's authority to intervene in tribal affairs.
B) they distrusted the motives of John Collier, the commissioner of Indian Affairs.
C) some of its requirements forced them to abandon their traditional practices.
D) it didn't address the economic struggles of most Native American tribes.

28. Which belief did President Roosevelt share with Father Coughlin?

A) The United States should support the rising fascist dictatorships in Europe.
B) Radio broadcasts were an ideal venue for communicating political messages.
C) To get the economy back on track, the banks needed to be nationalized.
D) The New Deal had catered too much to wealthy bankers and businessmen.

29. The Scottsboro Nine were threatened with lynching because they were accused of

A) assaulting white men.
B) raping white women.
C) being vagrants.
D) being Communists.

30. One reason Franklin Roosevelt was effective at raising morale and rallying support during the Depression was that he

A) immediately created thousands of new jobs.
B) traveled the country making upbeat speeches.
C) went on radio regularly to speak to the public.
D) invested his own money in recovery efforts.

31. In 1945, the Allies met at Yalta to plan for the postwar future but were divided over

A) who would rule Poland.
B) how to divide Germany.
C) how to punish Japan.
D) the future of atomic technology.

32. The Allies' first significant military success after the United States entered World War II took place in

A) France.
B) Germany.
C) Egypt.
D) the Soviet Union.

33. Americans of Italian and German descent received better treatment than Japanese Americans during the war because

A) there were fewer of them.
B) they were more assimilated.
C) they joined the military.
D) they were more patriotic.

34. The popularity of novels such as A Farewell to Arms and All Quiet on the Western Front, both published in 1929, reflected American

A) pride in its servicemen and military might.
B) affection for allies France and Great Britain.
C) continuing antipathy toward Germany.
D) desire to avoid involvement in another war.

35. Congress was motivated to repeal the Neutrality Acts by

A) President Roosevelt's 1940 reelection.
B) German attacks on American ships.
C) Japan's signing of the Tripartite Treaty.
D) Japan's bombing of Pearl Harbor.

36. Stalin interpreted his Allies' delay in opening a second front as evidence of their

A) poor strategic thinking.
B) fear of military defeat.
C) inadequate manpower.
D) anti-Soviet sentiments.

37. Congress lifted the Chinese Exclusion Act during World War II

A) because the United States needed Chinese workers.
B) to bring Chinese men into the American military.
C) because China was being occupied by Japan.
D) to assimilate Chinese immigrants into the mainstream.

38. The doubling of the percentage of African Americans in the South who were registered to vote in the mid-1940s was the result of the

A) service of African American men in the military.
B) activism of the Congress of Racial Equality.
C) impact of the Smith v. Allwright decision.
D) their relocation from rural areas to cities.

39. The decline in high school graduation rates during World War II, especially among boys, can be attributed to

A) juvenile delinquency.
B) increased marriage rates.
C) the "baby boom."
D) the labor shortage.

40. The term imperial presidency was inspired by

A) the extension of executive power during World War II.
B) Franklin Roosevelt's unprecedented four-term presidency.
C) the belief that Roosevelt acted like a dictator.
D) federal government expansion under Roosevelt.

41. The Tripartite Treaty resulted in

A) Germany and Italy declaring war on the United States.
B) Japan bombing the Pearl Harbor naval base.
C) the United States ending all trade with Japan.
D) Congress agreeing to repeal the Neutrality Acts.

42. Like the Great Depression, World War II led to

A) massive unemployment.
B) cuts in farm production.
C) government growth.
D) antibusiness hostility.

43. During World War II, when civil rights activists spoke of a two-front war, they were connecting

A) their fight against racism at home to the nation's fight against the Nazis.
B) the war against Japan to discrimination against Japanese Americans.
C) the war in Europe to race riots in American cities like Detroit and Los Angeles.
D) the war in Europe to tensions between the races within the American military.

44. The decision by Great Britain and France to sign the Munich Accord with Germany was considered an act of

A) isolationism.
B) internationalism.
C) appeasement.
D) neutrality.

45. Most supporters of the America First Committee were also

A) Americans of German descent.
B) critics of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
C) Communist party members.
D) American Nazi sympathizers.

46. What did Germany do to trigger a declaration of war by Great Britain and France?

A) Forced unification with Austria
B) Launched an invasion of Poland
C) Provided support for Spain's Franco
D) Forged an alliance with the Soviet Union

47. Fred Korematsu was exceptional among Japanese Americans during World War II because he

A) challenged the government's denial of his civil liberties.
B) renounced his American citizenship after the war.
C) made the best of life in the internment camps.
D) was born in the United States and lived in the West.

48. Women's experiences during World War II demonstrated that they were

A) totally dependent on husbands and fathers for financial support.
B) capable of performing military service on the frontlines of war zones.
C) able to handle the physical demands of heavy manufacturing work.
D) compensated at the same rate as men when they did the same jobs.

49. Civil rights activism among racial and ethnic minorities increased during World War II because

A) the war heightened their sense of American identity and sense of entitlement to the rights of citizenship.
B) they felt the need to protest the government's clampdown on civil liberties and repression of Japanese Americans.
C) they wanted to prevent Nazi and fascist ideas and policies from spreading to the United States.
D) they were offended that an American general had commented, "A Jap's a Jap. It makes no difference whether he is an American or not."

50. The lack of urgency with which the United States responded to Jewish refugees can be attributed to

A) ignorance of the concentration camps.
B) anti-Semitism within the government.
C) fear of overburdening the economy.
D) lack of support from the other Allies.