1. What is the approximate average global surface air temperature simulated by the model without any alteration to solar constant?
2. What is the surface air temperature response to a 10% decrease in the solar constant?
3. Use Figure 16-1 to determine the simulated temperature response to a volcano that decreases atmospheric transmissivity by 1%.
4. How does this response compare with the temperature response to specific volcanoes observed in Lab 15 (Figure 15-6)?
6. How would a decrease in the tilt of the earth change the intensity of the seasons in the mid-latitudes?
7. How would the intensity of the seasons change in the northern mid-latitudes if the perihelion changed from January 3 to some time
near the Northern Hemisphere's summer solstice?
8. Given the eccentricity and tilt 25,000 years ago, what differences in seasonality would you expect from the present?
9. What is the global average temperature difference between 25,000 years ago and present?
10. During which season do you find the greatest difference between the present temperature and that 25,000 years ago at 55
degrees latitude? How might the conditions during this season have favored glacial ice there 25,000 years ago?
11. Describe the magnitude of radiative forcing in the period before 1990 compared to projections from 1990 to 2100. attachment 16-4
12. To stabilize atmospheric carbon dioxide at 550 ppm, approximately when must emissions reduction begin? When do emissions peak
in the other two scenarios?
13. Describe the relationship between emissions and concentrations of carbon dioxide for each scenario. attachment 16-4
14. How might an initial warming alter snow and ice on the planet? Would this change amplify or regulate the initial change? Explain
your answer.
15. How could an initial warming alter the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere? Explain how this change could lead to a positive
feedback.
16. It is also possible that the initial warming could increase cloudiness. Why?
17. The complexity of clouds makes it difficult to determine if an increase in clouds would lead to a net warming or a net cooling. Explain
how both phenomena are possible.
18. According to these simulation, how does the magnitude of temperature response to greenhouse gas increases to some of the other
radiative forcings described in this lab?
19. To what degree would emissions reductions influence global temperature in the next 25 years?
20. Describe the importance of knowing the emissions path and the earth's climate sensitivity to projected global temperature change
by the end of the 21t century.
Attachment:- New WinRAR archive.rar