Answer the following questions about data on external storage in a DBMS:
1. Why does a DBMS store data on external storage?
2. Why are I/O costs important in a DBMS?
3. What is a record id? Given a record's id, how many I/Os are needed to fetch it into main memory?
4. What is the role of the buffer manager in a DBMS? What is the role of the disk space manager? How do these layers interact with the file and access methods layer?