Type of Structure

Frame Structure System

There are different types of frame system which are having combination beams(which is called horizontal element) , column (which is called vertical element)  and slab to hold the lateral and gravity, types of frame structure:-

1-Rigid  Reinforced Frame

rigid frame structure is reinforced concrete element which are column, beam and slab and connected one to other at their end to hold and resist the moment, rigid frame is more frame which have been used because is very useful and provide more stability

2-Pin Rigid Frame Structure

in this types of frame system structure bracing usually set up between beams and columns to have better system which can resist the lateral forced and sides ways forced as well due applied loads.  

3- Rigid Frame With Shear Wall

composite frame between columns and shear wall is always use in high building to provide the required stiffness and strength to withstand lateral loads. 

Floor System Structure

One Way Slab

One way slab is supported on two opposite side only thus structural action is only at one direction. The slab rests on two beams only, it can be rested on four beams but the long span of slab should be greater than two times of short span. (Acivilengineer.com)

Two Way Slab

Two way slabs are the slabs that are supported on four sides and the ratio of longer span to shorter span is less than two. When a Solid RCC slab rests on four beams but long span of slab is less than or equal to two times of short span then we can call that slab a two way slab.(Civil Engineers Forum)

Flat Slab Structure

flat slab is one of three types of floor system which usually design with any beam and the load transmit  directly to column and then to foundation system but if the building is high above than 7 story should design flat slab with shear wall to have enough support and make sure all loads transmit safely.    

Foundation(substructure) System

There are many types of construction foundation which the civil engineering can use one of them according on types of soil, types of building(how high the building and the purpose of building itself) and location of site of construction I will explain main three types:-

Strip Foundation :-

strip foundation is very simple type of foundation which a concrete placed in trench and minimum thickens of strip foundation is 150mm

Raft Foundation

Raft foundation is reinforced concrete cover the whole area under the building, (Mat foundation) and purpose of Raft foundation is to reduce the contact pressure under  the building.

Piled Foundation

a pile foundation is to drive precast pile into the soil to transfer loads from weak top soil to solid soil then fill it by composite concrete, piling foundation is require when the capacity of soil is above 400  or high rise building but sometimes piling will be good options when location itself how bigger or small because of equipment also piling foundation is good choice when the foundation close to embankment where the soil is very soil then in this case you need to choice piling to put the foundation of building on solid soil. for foundation system we decided to use piling foundation system, why is piling foundation:-

• first according on soil test we realize that the  bearing capacity of soil is more than 400
• we decided to use piling because the lower ground of building will be a car park
• location, the foundation will be very close to neighbors' home
• To better system support foundation system

Finalize

Base in our experience we decided to use reinforced concrete frame system with shear wall because is more suitable for this kind of project and very efficient and the reason for using shear wall is number of floor is more than 5 also as we decided to use flat slab system for floor then to make sure we have enough elements that can transfer the loads of the  building safely into to the soil, with shear wall we can get long span with minimum cross section of column then we get maximum space which it will be useful for designer .

• Reinforced concrete has more durability and it will increase by years and reinforced has very good value with aesthetic quality, energy savings, built-in-fire resistance, durability, strength and low maintenance then for all these reasons the reinforced concrete frame is best choice for this project.
• Floor system, for floor system we decided to go for flat slab! why flat slab is good?

1- flat slab has nice finishing

2-is more flexibility floor slab

3- providing less depth

4-flat slab is quick to build than other

5-it does not take much time when you design it

6-it's very economic comparing by other for all above reasons we decided to use flat slab

• Foundation system

according to soil test we found that the bearing capacity of soil is less than 200, that mean we should use piling foundation system and the other reasons which are, the advantages for using piling foundation is to protect the neighbor's homes which are very close to our site and lower basement floor will be a car park then piling system is very good choice for this project

• Time limitation

Reinforced concrete construction  is always take longer time than steel construction but the client prefer to go for reinforced concrete construction and as he confirm that in last meeting so that we have not got any problem with time    

• Cost

Reinforced concrete is cheaper than steel construction but it will take longer time but that will not cause any problem for the client because has got time for the reinforced concrete   

• Location

The location is quite suitable for reinforced concrete because we have got big space which can use to mix concrete and preparing all materials and still can use some of heavy equipments so location is very good and it will be one of main advantages to choice reinforced concrete structure.