The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the internal functions of a communication system by dividing network communication functions into abstraction layers. The OSI model groups similar communication functions into one of seven logical layers. The questions below are based on internal functions of some of the OSI layers.

(a) In a communication system that is based on a layered OSI model, packet segmentation is to ease transmission of data packets over the network. Since packet segmentation performs functions that are associated with specific protocols and the OSI layer, answer the following questions:

1. What are the three functions of packet segmentation?
2. What protocols perform packet segmentation?
3. What layers of the OSI model are involved with packet segmentation?

(b) Network bridging and switching occurs on one of the layers of the OSI seven layers. The questions below are based on network bridging and switching.

(4) On which OSI layer do network bridging and switching functions occur?
(5) What are the similarities and differences between a network bridge and a switch?

Please answer the questions in a 4-6-page paper. As you answer each question, you must provide support or evidence that will enhance and empirically prove your answers.