Testing Claims about Proportions. Test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), conclusions about the null hypothesis, and final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Use the P-value method. Use the normal distribution as an approximation to the  binomial distribution.

Smoking and College Education: A survey showed that among 785 randomly selected subjects who completed four years of college, 18.3% smoke and 81.7% do not smoke (based on data from the American Medical Assoc.). Use 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the rate of smoking among those with four years of college is less than the 27% rate for the general population. Why would college graduates smoke at a lower rate than others?