Problem

1. Execute the command ls > newlist. What interesting observation can you make from the contents of newlist?

2. How will you add the tags and to the beginning and end, respectively, of foo.html?

3. What are file descriptors? Why is 2> used as the redirection symbol for standard error?

4. Create a file foo with the statement echo "File not found" in it. Explain two ways of providing redirection to this statement so that the message comes to the terminal even if you run foo > /dev/null.

5. How do the programs prog1, prog2 and prog3 need to handle their standard files so they can work like this: prog1 | prog2 | prog3. 6.20 Use command substitution to print the

(i) calendar of the current month,

(ii) listing of a group of filenames stored in a file.