Pile Foundations Part two of the project requires the students to prepare a comparative study of the use of replacement pile foundations versus displacement techniques. Piles are a type of deep foundation. There are many reasons a geotechnical engineer would recommend a pile foundation over a shallow foundation, but some of the common reasons are very large design loads, a poor soil at shallow depth, or site constraints. Piles can also designed to form the walls of deep basements where they provide lateral support to the surrounding ground. Piles can be installed by either driving them into the ground or drilling a shaft and filling it with concrete, mass or reinforced.

Address the following matters:

• The main classification system for piling

• The technical aspects involved in their installation

• Merits and limitations of the principal types

• Circumstances of use

• Relevant British Standards

• Cost considerations

Reference to the following criteria:

1. Contextualisation of the topic.

2. Content, to include emphasis on technical solutions.

3. Evidence of research.

4. Attention paid to grammar, punctuation and spelling.

5. Use of the Harvard system of referencing*.

6. Presentation of submission, including use of illustrative material.