In an orbiting space station, an electronic package is housed in a compartment having a surface area, As = 1 m2 , which is exposed to space. Under normal operating conditions, the electronics dissipate 1 kW, all of which must be transferred from the exposed surface to deep space (0 K). If the surface emissivity is 1.0 and the surface is not exposed to the sun, what is its steady-state temperature? If the surface is exposed to a solar flux of , and its absorptivity to solar radiation is 0.25, what is its steady-state temperature?