External interface is interface between I/O interface and peripheral devices. Interface can be characterised into 2 main categories: (a) parallel interface and (b) serial interface.
In parallel interface multiple bits can be moved concurrently. Parallel interface is generally used for high-speed peripherals like tapes and disks. Dialogues which occur across interface include exchange of control information and data.
In serial interface just one line is used to transmit data so just one bit is transferred at a time. Serial printers are used for serial printers and terminals. With a fresh generation of high-speed serial interfaces so parallel interfaces are becoming less common.
In both cases I/O interface should engage in a dialogue with peripheral. Dialogue for a write or read operation is as follows:
- A control signal is transmitted by I/O interface to peripheral requesting permission to send (for write) or receive (for read) data.
- Peripheral acknowledges request.
- Data are transferred from I/O interface to peripheral (write) or from peripheral to I/O interface (read).
- Peripheral admits receipt of data.
Connection between an I/O interface in a computer system and external devices can be either P2P or multipoint. A P2P (point-to-point) interface provides a dedicated line between I/O interface and external device. For illustration keyboard, printer and external modems are point-to-point links. The most ordinary serial interfaces are RS-232C and EIA-232.
Multipoint external interface used to support external mass storage devices (like disk and tape drives) and multimedia devices (like CD-ROM, video, audio).