Example 1: Safety experts are trying to determine how long it takes a specific brand of car to come to a complete stop. They have determined that the speed of the car has a large impact on how long it takes to come to a complete stop. They decide to gather data by having the car go 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 miles per hour and then determine how many feet it takes to come to a complete stop at each of these speeds.

Example 2: Drama students at a large university recently put on a production of Phantom of the Opera. Some students jokingly said that only the female students went to see the play, and one of the students wanted to see if a higher proportion of female students had seen the play than males. To gather data, the student went around campus randomly selecting students and asking them their gender and if they went to see the production.

State the explanatory and response variables in each example, and state what type for each of the variables.

For each example, what is an appropriate analysis or procedure to use to determine if there is an association between the two variables.?