Discussion-

Please share with your classmates an experience where you have dealt with lack of accommodation for the user in the design of equipment, process, or product. What was done to accommodate the user? Which anthropometric principle was used? If you don't have any personal experience, then you may research a case study in which an anthropometric principle was used

1) Discuss the procedure for design using anthropometric data. Include Confidence Intervals (CIs). 200 Words- This is pretty much the answer if you have a way to re-word it that would be great! Just so plagiarism does not show . Or if you have a better answer that would be awesome.

Reliable anthropometric data is most crucial aspect in studying the identification, for the purposes of understanding human physical similarities & variations and apply these variations and similarities for industrial designing, ergonomic studies by using statistical data about the distribution of body dimensions in the population so as to optimize products and increase the comfort in using tools and equipment. Below given are the steps involved in collecting and analyzing reliable, valid and representative data.

Characterize the user population

• Scan the already available of anthropometric -data and test whether the available data is valid for the population under study if reliable anthropometric data exists, use the available data to support design decisions.

• If there is no readily available valid data, then collect data from representative sample by using sampling methods.
Sampling and data collection

• Define the population frame from which sample is to be drawn

• Determine a sample size by using appropriate methods of statistics based on size of population, accuracy in data required and availability of resources, time and money

• Select appropriate sampling method (simple random, stratified random, cluster sampling etc.) Draw the representative sample from population.

Determine the percentile range to be accommodated in the design

• If the population under investigation is dominated by either of gender, it may be appropriate to give more weightage consideration for the majority gender, for example going for quota sampling or proportionate stratified sampling etc.

• It may be an issue of equality to provide accessibility for the other gender group and in these situations, design for the 5th percentile female to the 95th percentile male population.

Design of workspaces and tasks should be such that all objects are under reach of the smallest person and also the largest person should fit into all spaces.

Identify relevant anthropometric measures.

• Collect anthropometric data.

• Obtain statistics related to measures of central tendency, measures of variation and measures of association and acceptable margin of error (i.e. confidence interval).

• Compare data to relevant databases.

• Determine applicable ranges and measures to be used in the study outcomes.

Statistical analysis is very important in the analysis and application of anthropometric calculations. Mean, median, and mode should be calculated along with range, standard deviation, skewness, standard error and measures of relationship such as the correlation and regression coefficients. Calculating values such as the coefficient of variation can reveal variability within a data set and provide insight regarding the normality of the distribution.

Confidence interval of Tibial height

90% CI = μ ± 1.65σ
For male:
μ = 45.6
σ = 2.8
90% CI = μ ± 1.65σ
90% CI =45.6 ± 1.65(2.8)
90% CI for Male= 50.22 TO 40.98
For Female:
μ = 42.0
σ = 2.4
90% CI = μ ± 1.65σ
90% CI =42 ± 1.65(2.4)
90% CI FOR Female = 45.96 TO 38.04

McCauley-Bush, P. (2012). Ergonomics: Foundational principles, applications, and technologies. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

2. Define static muscle work and dynamic muscle works. What are some injuries that can be caused by extended static work and how can these injuries be prevented?