problem 1)a) What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Describe intelligence behaviours of an AI model with ex.

b) What is state space search of a problem? prepare state space search to solve water jug problem.

problem 2)a) Describe the working principles of forward and backward reasoning technique with suitable ex.

b) Consider the following sentences Marcus was a man. Marcus was a Pompeian. All Pompeians were Romans. Caesar was a ruler. All Pompeians were either loyal to Caesar or hated him. Everyone is loyal to someone. People only try to assassinate rulers they are not loyal to. Marcus tried to assassinate Caesar.

Convert the sentences into clause form.

c) Using above Axioms in clause form prove that Marcus hate Caesar using Resolution principle.

problem 3)a) Describe the drawbacks of using Hill climbing technique. prepare a Best – First search algorithm.

b) prepare Minimax search algorithm to solve two-player game problem. Describe the importance of ‘MiniMax’ in the algorithm.

problem 4)a) What is Resolution? Discuss the steps required to transform a sentence into clausal form with a suitable ex.

b) Describe modus ponens inference rule with ex, also prepare the truth table.

c) Consider the following facts:

i) There is a person who loves everyone in the world

ii) Everyone is at NUS and everyone is smart

iii) Everyone who loves Santa loves any reindeer.

Represent these facts in Predicate Logic.

problem 5)a) With an suitable ex, describe the knowledge representation scheme, which involves nodes and links between the nodes.

b) Describe Circumscription with suitable ex to deal with uncertainties in Non-Monotonic reasoning.

c) What is planning in the process of solving a problem?

problem 6)a) What are the basic objective and activities of an Expert System? Briefly describe each one of them.

b) Describe the importance of machine learning process in acquiring knowledge. Also, support appropriate real time ex.