1) IP is considered as the primary network (layer 3) protocol which consists of addressing information and some control information in order to enable packets that are being routed in network. Write down a tutorial that consists of the detailed instructions on use of an IP related topic (for example, IP addressing scheme, various IP technologies, IP routing protocols, etc) that you think important or interesting.
2) Compare and contrast some of the differences between the UNIX (and Linux) and the Window Trace route. All codes for each ICMP error message are not fully listed and described. Recognize a few scenarios where the ICMP error messages are produced? What available tools employ the ICMP or Trace route? List some of the advantages or disadvantages of such tools?