Assignment - 1

a. You should construct vapor pressure data for the given chemicals as a function of Temperature. Refer Antoine's constant from the literature. (sample plot enclosed).

b. Construct Specific heat capacity relation as a function of Temperature

Cp = A + BT + CT² + DT³, kJ/kmole.K

c. Calculate Change in Internal energy for the given substance as function of Temperature.

ΔH = _298k∫^Tb CpdT

d. Estimate the standard Heat of reaction, for the production of the given substance at 350 K.

Digital Assignment - 1B

1. Oxygen (O₂) gas within a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes an expansion from a volume V₁ 5 0.01 m³ to a volume V₂ 5 0.03 m³. The relationship between pressure and volume during the process is p 5 AV₂₁ 1 B, where A 50.06 bar _ m₃ and B 5 3.0 bar. For the O₂, determine (a) the initial and final pressures, each in bar, and (b) the work, in kJ.

2. An electric heater draws a constant current of 6 amp, with an applied voltage of 220 V, for 24 h. Determine the instantaneous electric power provided to the heater, in kW, and the total amount of energy supplied to the heater by electrical work, in kW.h. If electric power is valued at Rs. 14/Kw.h, determine the cost of
operation for one day.

3. As shown in Figure, a gas contained within a piston-cylinder assembly, initially at a volume of 0.1 m³, undergoes a constant-pressure expansion at 2 bar to a final volume of 0.12 m³, while being slowly heated through the base. The change in internal energy of the gas is 0.25 kJ. The piston and cylinder walls are fabricated from heat-resistant material, and the piston moves smoothly in the cylinder. The local atmospheric pressure is 1 bar. (a) For the gas as the system, evaluate work and heat transfer, each in kJ. (b) For the piston as the system, evaluate work and change in potential energy, each in kJ.

4. A tank contains 0.5 m3 of nitrogen (N2) at 2718C and 1356 kPa. Determine the mass of nitrogen, in kg, using (a) the ideal gas model. (b) Data from the compressibility chart. Comment on the applicability of the ideal gas model for nitrogen at this state.

5. Five kmol of oxygen (O2) gas undergoes a process in a closed system from p1 = 50 bar, T1 = 170 K to p2 = 25 bar,T2 = 200 K. Determine the change in volume, in m3.

6. A closed, rigid tank is filled with a gas modeled as an ideal gas, initially at 278C and a gage pressure of 300 kPa. The gas is heated, and the gage pressure at the final state is 367 kPa. Determine the final temperature, in 8C. The local atmospheric pressure is 1 atm.

7. Determine the total mass of nitrogen (N2), in kg, required to inflate all four tires of a vehicle, each to a gage pressure of 180 kPa at a temperature of 258C. The volume of each tire is 0.6 m3, and the atmospheric pressure is 1 atm.

8. A balloon filled with helium, initially at 278C, 1 bar, is released and rises in the atmosphere until the helium is at 178C, 0.9 bar. Determine, as a percent, the change in volume of the helium from its initial volume.

9. As shown in Fig, a well-insulated tank fitted with an electrical resistor of negligible mass holds 2 kg of nitrogen (N2), initially at 300 K, 1 bar. Over a period of 10 minutes, electricity is provided to the resistor at a constant voltage of 120 volts and with a constant current of 1 ampere. Assuming ideal gas behavior, determine the nitrogen's final temperature, in K, and the final pressure, in bar.

10. Air is confined to one side of a rigid container divided by a partition, as shown in Fig. P3.130. The other side is initially evacuated. The air is initially at p1 = 5 bar, T1 = 500 K, and V1 = 0.2 m3. When the partition is removed, the air expands to fill the entire chamber. Measurements show that V2 = 2V1 and p2 = p1/4. Assuming the air behaves as an ideal gas, determine (a) the final temperature, in K, and (b) the heat transfer, kJ.

11. Explain Carnot Cycle; Rankine cycle; Organic Rankine cycles; Kalina cycles.

12. How will you use concept of cycles to recover waste heat from any type of power generation system.