1. Select one process variable (pressure / temperature / level / flow) and conduct a literature survey to determine recent developments in process instrumentation field. Identify any one novel instrument and explain in detail the working of the instrument. Description should include neat diagram, principle of working and the source of literature (to be attached).

2. Visit any process industry in Oman and prepare a report on any TWO measuring sensors (temperature/pressure/flow/level). The report should be structured to contain the following information,

a.   Abstract/summary

b.  Introduction to the industry

c.   Describe the process and the location of the sensor with the aid of a block diagram.

d.  Piping and Instrumentation diagram to show the location of the sensor in the plant.

e.   Data sheet of the sensors.

f.   Construction and working principle of the sensor.

g.  Advantages and disadvantages of the type of sensor used.

h.  Calibration methods and maintenance carried out for the sensor in the plant.

i.    Conclusion and recommendations

j.   References (Harvard referencing)

3. (a) The RTD has specifications of R = 500 0 and a = 0.003/°C at 260 °C. The dissipation constant is given as PD = 25 mW/°C. This transducer is to be used to measure 260 to 315.6°C. Signal conditioning will provide a 0 to 5 Volt output for this temperature range and the system accuracy' must be ± 0.056 °C. The bridge is excited with a 5 V source and assume R3 = 1 K2. Develop the signal conditioning circuit diagram.

(b) Develop the designed circuit using breadboard in the laboratory. Available thermal sensor can be used in the circuit. Discuss the effect of resistors on calibration of the sensor with specific emphasis on the sensitivity of the instrument.