1. a) DHCP( Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) have following features:
- It assigns IP address dynamically from a pool of IP addresses when host moves from one network to other .
- Dynamic addressing provides automatic network configuration.
1. b) There are some special IPv4 addresses which are reserved for particular purpose. The address ranging from192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 is used in private network for local communications. The host with these addresses cannot connect directly to the internet. Therefore, the host with IP address 192.168.12.254 cannot connect directly to the internet.
1. c) The requirement is to create 14 subnets. The address belongs to Class C as mentioned in the question. We can create 16 subnets using 4 bits from host id. Therefore, the subnet mask is /28. The last 4 bits are used for host id i.e. 24= 16 . Therefore, 15 subnets can be created.
2. a) The bytes are sent on a TCP connection. The start of window is represented by a pointer shown by '?'. Window is shown by colored part which is size 400. The blue part shows that the packet is sent but not acknowledged. The grey part shows that the packet can be sent without receiving knowledge.
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2. b)
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2. c) Now the window size is 300. Left side of the bytes have been sent and acknowledged.
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3. a) Yes, the router is needed for transmission of packets between 122.34.23.11 and 136.34.23.11 because these two hosts are not on same network and router connects these two networks.
3. b) It is mentioned that the address 0.0.110.12 belongs to Class B. This means that the network id is 0. The packets having network id 0 are tend to transmit within the network, therefore no router is needed.
3. c) The messages with IP address [127.any] are used as loopback addresses for diagnostic purpose. This implies that the message having IP address 21.85.16.10 does not travel through any router.
4. a) The assumptions for the network diagram is:
- Each village is having a medical center in its area to ease the patient from not going far away for the medication.
- Each medical center is connected to the main hospital through fibre optic cable.
- The mobile doctors are connected to the specialist through Wi-fi.
4. b) The whole network is connected to Internet through 3G services. The medical centers are connected to the main hospital with fibre optic. The moving mobile doctors provide the services to the patients at their home. The specialists are present in the main hospital. Mobile doctors can provide the specialist's advice to the patients directly through Wi-fi.
4. c) The network diagram connecting the patients to the Doctors through fast 3G services is scalable in nature. More medical center and mobile doctors can be added to the network. The network provides flexibility with high speed connectivity. The patient's report can be scanned and send to the specialist who is at remote location i.e. the main hospital.
4. d) Networking and communication devices used in the system are
- Switch
- Personal Computer
- Phone
- Scanner
- Fibre optic to connect the medical center to the hospital
This network is a Wide area network. The IP address in the Main hospital (in which systems are connected through LAN) includes <192.any> because this is a private network. The system is flexible and scalable. Each system is assigned an IP address therefore no redundant issues.
4. e) A suitable internet service provider is one which can connect the system best with least cost of installing the devices.
4. f) The patients are benefit from this network because patients need not to go far away for the hospital. Each village will have a Medical center. The mobile doctors provide the medication to the patients at their home. The system is scalable as more mobile doctors can be added in the system. The fast speed connectivity of the 3G service able to send the report very fast which helps in better medication of the patient. The mobile doctors can set up the conversation between specialist and the patient. The fibre optic installation provides high bandwidth and high data rates.
The disadvantage is that the cost of installing the fibre optic is quite high. If there is any breakage in the fibre optic, it would lead to high maintenance cost. If the number of users in a particular area is less, then fibre optic is not a feasible solution.
5. a) DHCP( Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) have following features:
- It assigns IP address dynamically from a pool of IP addresses when host moves from one network to other .
- Dynamic addressing provides automatic network configuration.
5. b) There are some special IPv4 addresses which are reserved for particular purpose. The address ranging from192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 is used in private network for local communications. The host with these addresses cannot connect directly to the internet. Therefore, the host with IP address 192.168.12.254 cannot connect directly to the internet.
5. c) The requirement is to create 14 subnets. The address belongs to Class C as mentioned in the question. We can create 16 subnets using 4 bits from host id. Therefore, the subnet mask is /28. The last 4 bits are used for host id i.e. 24= 16 . Therefore, 15 subnets can be created.
6. a) The bytes are sent on a TCP connection. The start of window is represented by a pointer shown by '?'. Window is shown by colored part which is size 400. The blue part shows that the packet is sent but not acknowledged. The grey part shows that the packet can be sent without receiving knowledge.
|
0-100
|
101-200
|
201-300
|
301-400
|
401-500
|
501-600
|
601-700
|
701-800
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|
?
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6. b)
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0-100
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101-200
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201-300
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301-400
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401-500
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501-600
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601-700
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701-800
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?
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6. c) Now the window size is 300. Left side of the bytes have been sent and acknowledged.
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0-100
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101-200
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201-300
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301-400
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401-500
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501-600
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601-700
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701-800
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?
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7. a) Yes, the router is needed for transmission of packets between 122.34.23.11 and 136.34.23.11 because these two hosts are not on same network and router connects these two networks.
7. b) It is mentioned that the address 0.0.110.12 belongs to Class B. This means that the network id is 0. The packets having network id 0 are tend to transmit within the network, therefore no router is needed.
7. c) The messages with IP address [127.any] are used as loopback addresses for diagnostic purpose. This implies that the message having IP address 21.85.16.10 does not travel through any router.
8. a) The assumptions for the network diagram is:
- Each village is having a medical center in its area to ease the patient from not going far away for the medication.
- Each medical center is connected to the main hospital through fibre optic cable.
- The mobile doctors are connected to the specialist through Wi-fi.
8. b) The whole network is connected to Internet through 3G services. The medical centers are connected to the main hospital with fibre optic. The moving mobile doctors provide the services to the patients at their home. The specialists are present in the main hospital. Mobile doctors can provide the specialist's advice to the patients directly through Wi-fi.
8. c) The network diagram connecting the patients to the Doctors through fast 3G services is scalable in nature. More medical center and mobile doctors can be added to the network. The network provides flexibility with high speed connectivity. The patient's report can be scanned and send to the specialist who is at remote location i.e. the main hospital.
8. d) Networking and communication devices used in the system are
- Switch
- Personal Computer
- Phone
- Scanner
- Fibre optic to connect the medical center to the hospital
This network is a Wide area network. The IP address in the Main hospital (in which systems are connected through LAN) includes <192.any> because this is a private network. The system is flexible and scalable. Each system is assigned an IP address therefore no redundant issues.
8. e) A suitable internet service provider is one which can connect the system best with least cost of installing the devices.
8. f) The patients are benefit from this network because patients need not to go far away for the hospital. Each village will have a Medical center. The mobile doctors provide the medication to the patients at their home. The system is scalable as more mobile doctors can be added in the system. The fast speed connectivity of the 3G service able to send the report very fast which helps in better medication of the patient. The mobile doctors can set up the conversation between specialist and the patient. The fibre optic installation provides high bandwidth and high data rates.
The disadvantage is that the cost of installing the fibre optic is quite high. If there is any breakage in the fibre optic, it would lead to high maintenance cost. If the number of users in a particular area is less, then fibre optic is not a feasible solution.