Scientific Causal Model: Add title [Dependent Variable, Independent Variable, Hypothesis]

E-commerce -

Goal-0: "By ecommerce we mean any forms of electronic transactions that are commerce-related: online buying, selling or investing; electronic marketplaces like www.amazon.com or online auctions like www.ebay.com(Jank & Shmueli, 2006) p. 113."

Goal-1: "Electronic commerce (eCommerce) is a growing field of scholarly research especially in information systems, economics and marketing, but it has received little to no attention in statistics (Melnik & Alm, 2002) p. 156."

Goal-2: "The growth of ecommerce in the U.S. economy has created a problem for state and local jurisdictions that have historically relied upon sales and use taxes as an important component of their revenue stream (Armstrong, 2004) p. 59."

Goal-3: "Data on Internet shopping adoption rate were obtained from the Global eCommerce Report of

Taylor Nelson Sofres (2001), a European-based company that is the fourth largest marketing information company in the world and is listed on the London Stock Exchange (Lim, Leung, Sia, & Matthew, 2004) p. 550."

Goal-4: "Recent eCommerce research has confirmed that consumers are more comfortable buying search products online (e.g., books, airline tickets) as compared to experience products (e.g., wine, stereo equipment) due to the challenges of evaluating experience product attributes indirectly (Wells, Valacich, & Hess, 2011) p. 374."

Goal-5: "Commitment c-to develop a single consumer facing ecommerce website using the client company brand and carry out the required marketing and communication activities to support its launch (Nordmeyer, 2010) p. 638."

Exploratory Research: explore what the six authors say and write a paragraph.

Technological -

F1-0: "Most importantly, it has created opportunities for businesses to reach out to consumers in a very direct way and create electronic markets. Also by virtue of the technology, it has allowed consumers immediate access to these electronic markets (Klopping & McKinney, 2004) p. 35."

F1-1: "Information technology and the Internet have had a dramatic effect on business operations. Companies are making large investments in e-commerce applications but are hard pressed to evaluate the success of their e-commerce systems (Delone & Mclean, 2004) p. 19."

F1-2: "Expanding the Technology Acceptance Model and Innovation Diffusion Theory, we propose a theoretical model for studying a wide array of issues involved in E-commerce strategies(Chen & Tan, 2004) p. 79."

F1-3: "In the following section we present six e-commerce businesses that utilize one or more variations of recommender system technology in their web sites(Schafer, Konstan, & Riedl, 1999) p. 159."

F1-4: "The computer consulting firm noted that improvements in security technology had facilitated the move to online provision of proprietary information and selling, but that they were still concerned enough not to provide critical information (Ruppel, Underwood-Queen, & Harrington, 2003) p. 28."

F1-5: "To combat this trend, buyers need decision-analysis technology that can properly assess not only current purchasing options, but also the positive or negative potential of future opportunities (Buffett & Spencer, 2004) p. 131."

Exploratory Research: explore what the six authors say and write a paragraph.

Political -

F2-0: "These countries have weak political and democratic institutions where the governments welcome new commercial opportunities, yet at the same time they feel threatened (Hamid, 2002) p. 20."

F2-1: "It is plausible that e-commerce announcements were merely symbolic moves by firms rather than genuine attempts to initiate e-commerce activities in which case, our explanations for the effects grounded in the rational theories of firm action may be less appropriate than explanations drawing on socio-political theories (Subramani & Walden, 2001) p. 152."

F2-2: "The institutional environment is"[that] set of fundamental political, social and legal ground rules that establishes the basis for production, exchange and distribution (Oxley & Yeung, 2001) p. 780."

F2-3: "For example, objective data may not be able to easily measure the strength of corporate culture, customer or employee satisfaction, legal or political influences, or other organizational factors that some researchers claim are important intermediaries between capabilities/resources and firm performance (Wade & Nevo, 2005) p. 123."

F2-4: "As membership of mass trade union organizations has fallen and their political influence waned, they have often been seen as being in inexorable decline, particularly in terms of their representative function and as a linkage mechanism between state and citizen(Singh, 2008) p. 639."

F2-5: "Political pressure from citizens of a particular country canal so lead to regulations that discourage the importation of digital services. For example, citizens complained to the welfare directors of the state of New Jersey about a contractor that was using a foreign call center to manage calls from state welfare recipients (Ekeledo & Sivakumar, 2004) p. 211."

Exploratory Research: explore what the six authors say and write a paragraph.

Economic -

F3.0: "However, this mostly concerns the well-known trade-off between the gains in efficiency brought about by increased concentration and the gains in terms of competition and economic democracy which can be achieved through decentralization (Santarelli & D'Altri, 2003) p. 277."

F3.1: "All this notwithstanding, basic business principles still hold. The laws of economics have not been rewritten. The long-term success or failure of companies is determined by their ability to generate positive net revenues (Delone & Mclean, 2004) p. 31."

F3.2: "Although e-commerce is still a small part of the U.S. economy, its rapid growth is leading agribusiness firms to adopt innovations that take advantage of this new economic medium (Henderson, Dooley, & Akridge, 2004) p. 506."

F3.3: "The opportunities emerging from e-commerce will have far-reaching economic and social implications. It dramatically reduces the economic distance between producers and consumers (Hamid, 2002) p. 179."

F3.4: "This is because, in a situation of strongly bounded moral rationality and economic affairs, people would agree to leave issues such as opt-in, opt-out in moral free space(Kracher & Corritore, 2004) p. 89."

F3.5: "These key issues are security of electronic transactions, interoperation of communications, data management, and security services, andidentification and removal of economic, cultural, regulatory, and legal barriers. Despite an extensive literature survey, it was not possible to exhaustively list every issue, because one can always come up with another Ecommerce failure factor in the dramatically changing business environment (Han & Noh, 1999) p. 28."

Exploratory Research: explore what the six authors say and write a paragraph.

Social -

F4-0: "E-commerce responds to the principles of network externalities in that the drivers of adoption are more often found in the social system of the organization than in the attributes of the innovation (Molla & Licker, 2005) p. 90."

F4-1: "e, Donaldson (2001) uses social contract theory to explain the evolution of business ethics, where the moral principles of economics are justified through agreement by unbiased, rational people(Zhu & Kraemer, 2002) p. 78."

F4-2: "Institutions are the stuff of social existence; they are ways of creating behavioral norms, fixing behavior, and thereby generating expectations for other people (Park & Mezias, 2005) p. 187."

F4-3: "From the recent global experience on the volatility of e-commerce equity market, there is aneed for public policy to cultivate involvement in the e-commerce sector, so that the sector operates efficiently in an economically and socially desirable manner(Ghayur, 2003) p. 41."

F4-4: "insert quote here (Author, 2009) p. xxx."

F4-5: "insert quote here (Author, 2009) p. xxx."

Exploratory Research: explore what the six authors say and write a paragraph.

Attachment:- Assignment File.rar