Question: Part A: 1. T or F: Unions seek to give equity and voice a place in decisions that might otherwise be driven by efficiency.

2. T or F: In the U.S., the default policy for the employment relationship is the employment-at-will doctrine; but, federal policy also encourages the use of collective bargaining which limits it.

3. T or F: Property rights are a major basis for management's authority and control.

4. T or F: Overall union density has decreased since the 1970s because the private sector growth has increased while the public sector membership has declined.

5. T or F: The National Labor Relations Act applies to non-union companies.

6. T or F: Current U.S. labor law is based on the assumption that a balance between management's and labor's power benefits society in general.

7. T or F: As the primary union in the U.S., the key function of the AFL-CIO is to negotiate contracts.

8. T or F: The Mainstream Economics school of thought about labor relations relies on free-market competition to determine the price of labor; and, as such, sees unions as
interference in that process.

9. T or F: The Haymarket Tragedy was part of the struggle for an 8-hour workday.

10. T of F: The Wagner Act governs labor relations for United Airlines.

Part B - 1. Earl's supervisor instructed him to write the monthly report for the county government's Agency for Municipal Parks. Feeling overworked, he complained to Matt, a peer with the same job classification.Earl remarked that this was beyond the scope of his job description. Matt agreed. He said that funding for the county's public parks programs was cut in the last election, soeveryone was being asked to double-up on responsibilities. Earl suggested calling a meeting of all the Assistants in the department to see what could be done.

T or F: The concerted activity provision of NLRA Section 7 would protect this group of Assistants if they encountered retaliation for challenging the supervisor's direction.

2. Six workers in a retail store were in the break room discussing the raise they expected to receive next month. They noted that it was not as much as last year's raise. They wondered how they could request an increase and agreed to work together to find a way. They lowered their voices when the HR Director came in for a cup ofcoffee because discussing people's compensation was against company policy.

Two weeks later, the 6 workers were terminated. They were the only employees to be let go. They were surprised and began to compare notes.They knocked on the HR Director's door to ask for an explanation. The HR Director explained that the company appreciated their contributions but reminded them that, asthey acknowledged when they were hired, their employment was at-will. That meant the company did not need to give a reason and there was nothing more to be done.

T or F: The HR Director's explanation that the employment-at-will doctrine governed this scenario was correct.

3. Erin and 3 of her co-workers have a standard set of lotto numbers that they collectively play each week. If they ever match the winning ticket, they will split the money.
On her Facebook page, Erin posts that she can't wait to win so she can quit work. The others respond in agreement.

T or F:If management fired them for gambling at work, the NLRA Section 7 concerted activity provision would protect this group.

4. When the manager of business operations told Paula that she had to work on the night shift at the retail store for the next few months, she left him a note saying this was unfair and she would not do it. The manager called her the next day to see why she objected. Paula said she did not have someone to look after her child at night. The manager replied that she was the last one to be hired and she would have to make arrangements to do it. Paula said this was discrimination, and the discussion became heated. The manager fired her.

T or F: If Paula filed a complaint under the NLRA, the Section 7 concerted activity provision would protect her.

5. When the owner of an urgent care company announced to his staff of 10 that he would immediately cut wages by 10% to save the business from bankruptcy,employees were stunned and unhappy. After several conversations, they decided to write a joint, anonymous, respectful letter to express staff concerns and offer alternatives for saving
money, such as eliminating the employer match to the 401K fund. The letter was written by the center's physician's assistantand edited by its radiation technologist. It was thenleft unsigned on the doctor's desk. During the next few weeks, the owner met with individual employees in an attempt to learn who wrote the letter,
and the atmosphere became increasingly tense. He accused several employees of whispering and cliquish behavior, and repeatedly complained of "toxic talk" and negativity". A little over three weeks after the letter was delivered, the technologist was fired. The owner then learned by examining the technologist's work emails that the physician's assistant had written the letter. The next day, she was fired as well.

T or F:The letter meets the legal criteria for a concerted activity.

6. Brittney transferred to HR a couple months ago from an assistant's position in the marketing department. Her first major assignment has been to update the employee handbook. She has been gathering examples from other organizations to copy into her draft. Here is one she is recommending because it is clear and specific. It easy to understand.

Unauthorized Interviews: As a means of protecting yourself and the company, no unauthorized interviews are permitted to be conducted by individuals representing themselves as attorneys, peace officers, investigators, reporters, or someone who wants to "ask a few questions." If you are asked questions about the company or its current or former employees, you are to refer that individual(s) to your supervisor. A decision will then be made as to whether that individual may conduct any interview and they will be introduced to you by your supervisor with a reason for the questioning. Similarly, if you are aware that an unauthorized interview is occurring at the company, immediately notify your supervisor.

T or F:This complies with the NLRB's guidelines.

Part C - In the case below, an employee files a Section 8(a)1 complaint with the NLRB against his employer for firing him. The employer asserts that it has terminated the employee lawfully. After reading the facts of the case, explain what the decision should be (who should win). Also explain any remedies that are needed.Be sure to identify the legal concepts involved and use details from the case to show evidence in support of your position. Please limit your analysis to 2-3 double-spaced pages.

1) What is the employee's argument? Why does he think he was fired? In his view, which specific provision in the NLRA was broken? What does the provision require? Using the NLRA requirements, discuss whether the facts in this case support the employee's position that his termination constituted an unlawful labor practice.

2) What is the employer's argument? Why did it fire the employee? Does the NLRA prohibit that reason? Using the NLRA requirements, discuss whether the facts in this case support the employer's decision to terminate the employee.

3) As the NLRB judge, who do you think is right? Which side has the right reason, legal framework, and details (evidence) to support its interpretation of the law?

4) If a violation occurred, what needs to be done to correct it? (This is the remedy.)