problem 1: Describe the different criteria for good measurement in the research? What are the general methods by which reliability and validity can be ensured in measurement? describe the common threats to reliability? What precautions can you take to mitigate them? Justify your answer.

problem 2: describe the sampling design process. Differentiate between probability sampling methods and non-probability sampling methods. describe the different methods available in each?

problem 3: describe the general procedure of hypothesis testing? How do you decide on the selection of a suitable test statistic?

problem 4: Differentiate between univariate and multivariate analysis. Point out the importance of multivariate analysis in business and Management research? describe the contexts in which the following measures might be applied.

a) Regression.
b) Cluster analysis.
c) Factor Analysis.