This essay will discover the Byzantine and the Islamic system and its truly unique adaptions of previous systems. In order find out how these systems were adaptations of pervious system or truly unique this the essay will examine critically three different traditions that came from previous systems. To begin with, the essay will briefly comment on the foundation of the both systems. Secondly, the paper will explore how religion played a major role in both systems. Thirdly, it will examine the imperial administration, and how it adapted from previous systems, in eastern historiography. Thirdly, it will highlight how law and government played a role through pervious systems. Finally, the essay will state the conclusion that has been reached. These aspects were chosen to understanding on how these systems are traditions of pervious systems. This essay argues that the Byzantine and Islamic systems are adaptations of pervious system. 
Firstly, The Byzantine system has a very similar foundation to other imperial system. The Byzantine system organized their structure of the system just like Western Roman Empire. For ex, they both had identical structures which were language, government, and imperial administrations. As Adam Watson states, "The Byzantine imperial system was organized like other empires. It consisted in practice of heartland which was Greek-speaking, Orthodox Christian, and permanently under a direct through sometimes feudal administration from Constantinople..." The only difference that Robert Browsing describes is that the Byzantine Empire doesn't always have similarities to the Western Roman Empire. One of the traditions that distinguish the Byzantine system from the Western Roman Empire is Christianity.