The Mound builders were Native Americans, ancestral to the living Native Americans faced by Europeans on arrival in North America.

problem: what are different expectations of such two paradigms? How could such different expectations be tested against the archaeological record of Mound builder sites?

Critical Tests: 1) Was there continuity between artefact types and styles found in Mound builder Sites with artefact types and styles found in living or historically documented Native American societies in the North America?