Discuss how an individual would deduct each of the following expenditures. If more than one treatment is possible, discuss the circumstances under which each type of deduction would be obtained:

a. Amos purchased 500 shares of Lietzke stock for $50 per share. He also paid $1,200 in commissions on the purchase.

b. Dandy owns an optical store. She paid $2,000 in medical insurance premiums on her employees and $1,400 on a medical policy covering herself and her family.

c. Oscar is a finance professor at State University. He purchased professional journals costing $400 that he uses to keep current on the latest developments in finance.

d. Gerry is a nurse. He paid $350 for nursing uniforms.

e. Edgar owns a rental property. His rental income for the year was $13,000, and his allowable expenses were $9,000.