Details

We often hear or read about various success and failure stories of projects. But what is success or failure and what criteria should organisations use to identify success or failure? What factors lead to a successful or failure project?

Cleland and Ireland [2004] argue that since each individual or group of people who are involved in a project have different needs and expectations, they likely interpret their project's success in the context of their own way of understanding.

Most times their assessment is not influenced to any great extent by the wider public perception [Lim and Mohamed, 1999]. Thomsett [2002] provides as an example, the Sydney Opera House Project.

The Sydney Opera House project went 16 times over budget and took 4 times as long to finish as had been originally planned. However, the final impact of the completed project was so big that no one remembers the original missed goals.

Oddly enough the project was a big success for the people involved and at the same time a big failure from the project management perspective. This argument is also supported by Thomas and Fernandez [2008, p. 733] who contend that while a project may go over budget and schedule [and deemed a failure] its success may be measured by the response to the actual use of the project over time.

On the other hand, the Millennium Dome in London was an example of a project that was completed on time and on budget, but in the eyes of the British people was considered a failure because it didn't deliver the awe and glamour that it was supposed to generate.

In the same way that quality requires both conformance to the specifications and fitness for use, project success requires a combination of product success [service, result, or outcome] and project management success [Duncan, 2004].

The difference between criteria and factors is fuzzy for many people. The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary describes a criterion as "a standard by which you judge, decide about or deal with something" while a factor is explained as "a fact or situation which influences the result of something".

The success or failure of a project can be judged differently by people based on their purposes and criteria. It is clear now that critical factors can lead to a series of events which ultimately meet the overall success criteria of the project, so they shouldn't be used as synonymous terms.

Kate Davis [2013], Roger Atkinson [1999], and Farzana Mir & Ashly Pinnington [2013], provide other insights into this topic and suggest many other criteria for success.

This assignment requires you firstly to identify a real world case: either a successful IT project or a failed IT project, and then based on the criteria you identified [from the literature] explain why the project either succeeded or failed.

There are many references on the theme of IT project success or failure, and hence you will need to do some research to set up your criteria. The following references will help you start the process.

You can select a case from secondary data available in the public domain or from within your own organisation. The report should include the following information:

Background of the company and the project case which you have selected.

Discussion of standard criteria, such as those emerging in the reference section.

Identification and justification of the criteria you think appropriate.

Analysis of the case based on the criteria chosen.

Presentation of appropriate conclusions.

Provision of suggestions or recommendations in the event that the project should be re-run in the future.

Assessment Deliverables [the tasks]

As suggested above this assignment requires you firstly to identify a case: either a successful project or a failed project, and then based on the criteria you identified explain why the project either succeeded or failed.

There are many references on the theme of IT project success or failure, and hence you will need to do some research to set up your criteria.

Your report is to be typewritten as a Word.doc, in English, and printed on A4 pages. The paper should be written in clear, plain language, so that non-expert users can easily understand it.

The report must be properly constructed, it should contain all the necessary parts that a report is required to have. Include all relevant documents and support materials [if required] in an appendix.

All sources quoted in your report should be correctly referenced and included in a Reference or Bibliography or both. the "Harvard Referencing System" for all reports.

It is therefore expected that you will also use this reference system in your final report.

Word limit of 2000 to 2500.