1. For organisations, such as the telecommunications companies, involved in lengthy investment decisions that take many years to implement, the uncertaintybased route forward, with its very short time-horizons, appears to have little to offer. Can this strategic route provide any useful guidance to such companies?

2. Why is negotiation important in strategic management? Why is it not better to have a strong leader who will simply impose his/her will on the organisation?

3. The learning-based strategic route emphasises creativity in strategy development. Why is this important and how might it be achieved?