ZK is part of a group of entities and has traded profitably for a number of years. During the year to 31 August 2009, ZK made a tax adjusted trading loss of $30,000 and a capital gain of $5,000. In the following year to 31 August 2010, ZK made a taxable trading profit of $10,000. ZK expects to increase taxable trading profits to $50,000 for the year to 31 August 2011. ZK does not expect any capital gains or losses in the year to 31 August 2011.

Required:

Explain FOUR methods that a Country can allow to relieve trading losses of an entity and illustrate the effect of each method on ZK for the years ended 31 August 2009 to 2011.