Why Bureaucracies?

In his 1990 work, "In Praise of Hierarchy," Elliott Jaques discusses real problems in hierarchal organizations. His critique identifies the following issues:

1. There are too many layers and too much distance between managers and labor, poor communication, deflection of responsibility, stress, and conflict.

2. Mid-level managers rarely add to the productivity of their line subordinates and even can reduce its value.

3. Bureaucracies often play into the nasty aspects of human behavior: greed, insensitivity, selfish careerism, and unhealthy competition.

Evaluate his assertions and, based on what you have read about decision making, planning, and organizing, suggest actions a responsible criminal justice manager could take to ameliorate the problems Jaques identified. (Hint: incorporate appropriate element of LODESTAR in your response.)