Which one of the following examples illustrates a cognitive apprenticeship?

a. Mr. Ferguson gives students numerous word problems involving addition until they can solve such problems easily.

b. Mr. Johnson and a student work together to solve a challenging word problem, with Mr. Johnson modeling effective ways of thinking about the problem. 

c. Ms. Lupinsky asks students to do easy word problems, as a way of boosting their selfconfidence for the more difficult problems that will soon follow.

d. Ms. Pang individualizes the word problems she gives each student.