Question 1: Which of the following best summarizes research on the frequency of male and female characters in dreams?

a. Both men and women have more male than female characters in their dreams.
b. Men have more male than female characters in their dreams, whereas women have more female than male characters in their dreams.
c. Men have more female than male characters in their dreams, whereas women have more male than female characters in their dreams.
d. Men have more male than female characters in their dreams, but women have approximately equal numbers of male and female characters in their dreams.

Question 2: When people have dreams about falling or being chased that they have dreamed before, we call these dreams:

a. conscious.
b. paradoxical.
c. surreal.
d. recurrent.

Question 3: Which of the following best describes the cross-cultural findings when comparing the frequencies of male and female characters in dreams?

a. Although there are a few exceptions, the frequencies found in American samples tend to be found in other cultures as well.
b. American and European samples show different frequencies than non-Western samples.
c. Male characters tend to show up in dreams more frequently in male-dominated societies.
d. Although a consistent pattern is found in the results from different American samples, no clear pattern emerges when looking at studies using participants from other cultures.

Question 4: Suppose you had to go all night without sleep in order to study for a final exam. If you suffer from _____, you will receive more REM sleep the next night.

a. recurrent dream phenomenon
b. the rebound effect
c. extreme relaxation associated with having the final exam finished
d. the paradox of sleep

Question 5: According to recent research findings, REM sleep appears to be necessary to:

a. maintain one’s mental health.
b. guard against serious psychological disturbances.
c. prepare us for dealing with anxiety-arousing events.
d. all of these