Which of the following are among the primary factors that determine whether competitive pressures from substitute products are strong, moderate, or weak?

a) Whether substitutes are readily available and whether the costs that buyers incur in switching to the substitutes are low or high

b) Whether buyers view the substitutes as attractively priced in relation to their quality, performance, and other relevant attributes, and whether the substitutes target a small customer group or the mass market

c) Whether substitutes are readily available and whether the rate of innovation is fast or slow.

d) Whether substitutes are priced lower than competitive products and whether the buyer loyalty in the market is high or low

e) Whether the costs that buyers incur in switching to the substitutes are low or high and whether the substitutes target a small customer group or the mass market.