What do individuals who manage primarily based on the open systems model tend to focus on? a) making sure that work flows smoothly and that activities are carried out according to their relative importance with a minimum amount of friction among individuals, work groups, and work units b) establishing rules and procedures that can help ensure consistency and conformity with laws and regulations c) identifying the needs of employees and ensuring that they are being met d) coming up with new ideas and testing them for feasibility to ensure that the organization is able to adapt when the external environment changes e) maintaining an emphasis on effort and productivity to ensure that customer demands are met in a timely fashion