Cybernetics, Loose Coupling & Open and Hierarchical Systems

Define and provide examples from an organization illustrating cybernetics, loose coupling, open systems, and hierarchical systems. Briefly interpret the role that each example you cite plays in an organization.

Scott says that three predominant schools of thought have contributed to the open systems model of organizations: systems design, contingency theory, and Weick's model of organizing. Which of these three schools of thought do you find most useful in helping you interpret what goes on in an organization in which you work or another organization you know well? Why?

What aspects of organizations are best understood from a structural view, and which aspects of organization are best seen from a process view? Give an example of an organizational problem where problem solving is best approached from one view or the other. Support your choice with relevant literature.