TRUE OR FALSE

1. A hospital enters into an exclusive contract with a physician or physician group to provide specialty services (e.g., anesthesia or emergency department coverage). If that decision is challenged by a physician who has been excluded from performing those services, the courts generally defer to the hospital's decision and find in favor of the hospital.

2. When acting on applications for medical staff privileges, both government-owned and private hospitals must provide procedural due process.

3. Under common-law principles, for many years private hospitals were essentially free of court intervention in decisions about medical staff appointments.

4. In cases involving discipline of medical staff members, an allegation of "unprofessional conduct" is too vague and subjective to be a valid standard.