Transport and Respiration Assignment

Description of Assignment:

1) An explanation of the structure and functions of blood tissue

2) A drawn diagram with an accompanying explanation of the structure and function of the heart

3) An explanation of the three types of circulation found in the body and a diagnosis and explanation of a stroke patient

4) Interpretation and explanation of a graph showing the relationship between cardiac output and blood pressure.

5) An explanation of the structure and function of the three main blood vessels and a diagnosis and explanation of a haemorrhage

6) A drawn diagram of the respiratory system and explanations of the structure and function of these.

7) An explanation of the processes of ventilation and the pressure changes as well as an explanation of the effects of a puncture wound to the thoracic cavity.

Learning outcomes -

1. Understand the major components and functions of the blood

2. Understand the structure and function of the heart.

3. Understand the role of the heart in circulation

4. Understand the structure and function of arteries, veins and capillaries and their role in transport

5. Understand the structure and function of the respiratory system and the transport of respiratory gases

6. Understand the mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation

TASK 1 -

1.1 Explain the major components and functions of blood

a) Blood is a connective tissue that carries out important functions for the body. Give an explanation of the main functions played by the blood within the body.

b) Identify and explain the functions of the four main components of blood.

TASK 2 -

2.1 Explain the structure of the heart in relation to its function

a) Draw a diagram of the heart, label and annotate key components. You could also include any images of heart dissections carried out in lessons here as well.

b) Explain the structures of the key components of the heart and relate this to their functions.

TASK 3.1 -

3.1 Differentiate between the coronary, pulmonary, and systematic circulation

A patient is suffering from a stroke which has been brought on by an embolism from a blood clot becoming wedged forming an arterial blockage.

a) Explain coronary, pulmonary and systematic circulation and the differences between them.

b) Identify which type of circulation has been disrupted in the example given above and explain the effects.

TASK 3.2 -

3.2 Explain the function of the heart in relation to the cardiac cycle

a) Using diagrams explain the stages of the cardiac cycle in detail.

b) An atrial-septal defect is also commonly known as a 'hole in the heart'. Explain the effect this congenital defect has on the cardiac cycle.

TASK 3.3 -

3.3 Interpret the relationship between blood pressure and cardiac output

a) Define cardiac output and blood pressure

b) Use the graph to interpret and explain the relationship between cardiac output and blood pressure as well as the differences that can be seen at rest and during exercise.

TASK 4 -

4.1 Explain the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries in relation to their functions

A patient is admitted to A&E with haemorrhaging from a blood vessel in their right arm. The blood is spurting and coming in waves and appears bright red in colour.

a) Draw diagrams of arteries, veins and capillaries. In your own words explain their functions and in relation to their structure.

b) Identify which kind of blood vessel is haemorrhaging in the example above and explain the severity in comparison to bleeds from other blood vessel types.

TASK 5 -

5.1 Explain the structure of the respiratory system in relation to its function and the transport of respiratory gases

a) Draw, label and annotate a diagram of the components of the respiratory system.

b) Explain the relationship between function and structure of the following components of the respiratory system.

1. Nasal Cavity

2. Pharynx

3. Larynx

4. Trachea

5. Pleural membranes and pleural cavity

6. Lungs, including;

i. Bronchi

ii. Bronchioles

iii. Alveoli

7. Intercostal Muscles

8. Diaphragm

TASK 6 -

6.1 Explain the mechanism of breathing (pulmonary ventilation)

6.2 Explain pressure changes in the thorax during breathing (pulmonary ventilation)

a) Using diagrams, explain the individual stages of pulmonary ventilation in detail making sure to indicate and explain the pressure changes occur in the thorax during inhalation and exhalation.

b) A patient has been admitted with a penetrating injury to the chest that has gone through the pleural membranes. Explain how this injury will disrupt pulmonary ventilation and the pressure changes that occur.