Turing tests may cause controversy by the argument that the test is concerned strictly with how the subject acts - the external behavior of the machine. In this regard, it takes a behaviorist or functionalist approach to the study of intelligence. The example of ELIZA suggests that a machine passing the test may be able to simulate human conversational behavior by following a simple (but large) list of mechanical rules, without thinking or having a mind at all. However, the artificial brain would act in the same way as a human brain and externally appear as human-like as you and I, but internally it is made out of unconscious materials. This ultimately brings me to the question of whether a few unconscious materials can be constructed together in a way to become conscious Dr. Johnson.