There are legacies of the past that continue to animate politics today in Texas and around the country. As a Confederate state that left the Union during the Civil War, Texas has faced a long history of civil rights challenges.

As you learn in Module 2, civil rights are protections against arbitrary or discriminatory actions of other individuals or the government.

Though the dismantlement of Jim Crow laws was accomplished by federal court rulings, laws, and constitutional amendments, the real work of challenging the prevailing attitudes and institutions of racism was found on the streets in places like Houston and Austin.

For this reflective essay, I'd like you to watch three short documentaries (the total time required is about 30 minutes) and take note of the following:

The types of discrimination described in the videos

The ways in which individual Texans took action against racism and discrimination

The branch(es) and levels of government to which activists looked for redress of their grievances

The Houston Civil Rights Movement Part 1

The Houston Civil Rights Movement Part 1 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.The Houston Civil Rights Movement Part 1

Austin Revealed: Chicano Civil Rights "Rise of Mexican-Americans in Politics"

Austin Revealed: Chicano Civil Rights "Rise of Mexican-Americans in Politics" (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.Austin Revealed: Chicano Civil Rights "Rise of Mexican-Americans in Politics"

1979-81 SPECIAL REPORT: "VIETNAMESE VS. KU KLUX KLAN"

Once you have watched the videos and compiled your notes, you will write an essay in which you weigh the evidence and answer these questions:

Paragraph 1: What role did state government play or not play in the three examples of civil rights in Texas?

Paragraph 2: What other levels of government were involved in the disputes (local? federal?)?

Paragraph 3: What branch of government seemed to play the most important role in dispute resolution in the three disputes (legislative, executive, or judicial)? Be specific.

Paragraph 4: What role, if any, did civil rights groups play in each of the three examples?

Paragraph 5: What have you learned from doing this assignment that you didn't know beforehand?