The Toulmin Model

Claim- an assertion

Support- data that is used as evidence, reasons for, or grounds for the claim

Warrant- the assumption shared by speaker and audience (links the claim to the support)

Backing- additional data used to support the warrant

Qualifier- restricts the claim and limits its range, sets boundaries for the strength of the warrant (usually, probably, in most cases, most likely, frequently, under these circumstances, etc.)

Reservation- explains the terms and conditions set forth by the qualifier

Rebuttal- voices objections that could refute/rebut the claim

Create a Toulmin Model that bases a claim of fact on one of these factual hypothesis questions:  

• Are humans too dependent on their computers?
• Is the death penalty effective and justifiable?
• Is standardized testing a fair measure of public school efficiency?
• Are athletes and actors paid too much?
• Are current immigration laws effective?

First, go online and find an example of support for your claim.

Next, list the following Toulmin criteria for your claim:

Claim (based on one of the questions above)

Support

Warrant

Backing

Qualifier

Reservation

Rebuttal