1. The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was the development of the skyscraper. availability of industrial jobs.
compact nature of those large communities.
advent of new housing structures known as dumbbell tenements.
lure of cultural excitement.

2. In criticizing Booker T. Washington's educational emphasis on manual labor and industrial training, W.E.B. DuBois emphasized instead that black education should concentrate on gradualism.
agricultural labor.
developing separate black schools and colleges.
foreign affairs.
an intellectually gifted-talented tenth.

3. The New Immigrants who came to the United States after 1880 had experience with democratic governments. arrived primarily from Germany, Sweden, and Norway.
were culturally different from previous immigrants.
received a warm welcome from the Old Immigrants.
represented nonwhite racial groups.

4. The National American Woman Suffrage Association achieved its central political goal in 1898. conducted an integrated campaign for equal rights.
abandoned the goals of Susan Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
elected Ida B. Wells as its president.
limited its membership to whites.

5. By the late nineteenth century, most of the Old Immigrant groups from northern and western Europe actively promoted the idea of a multicultural America.
were still regarded with suspicion and hostility by the majority of native Americans.
had largely abandoned their ethnically based churches, clubs, and neighborhoods.
were largely accepted as American, even though they often lived in separate ethnic neighborhoods.
still maintained a primary loyalty to their country of origin, especially Ireland or Germany.

6. While big city political bosses and their machines were often criticized, they proved necessary and effective in the new urban environment because they were better able to leverage grant money from the federal government.
they consistently upheld high ethical standards.
they were closely allied to other urban institutions like the church and big business.
they were more effective in serving urban immigrants' needs than weak state or local governments.
their support for the Democratic party helped to balance small-town Republican power.

7. The depression of the 1890s and episodes like the Pullman Strike made the election of 1896 shape up as a battle between down-and-out workers and farmers and establishment conservatives.
conflict between the insurgent Populists and the two established political parties.
sectional conflict with the West aligned against the Northeast and South.
contest over the power of the federal government to manage a modern industrial economy like the United States.
clash of cultures between ordinary middle-class Americans and European-oriented radicals and reformers.

8. The Plains Indians were finally forced to surrender because they were decimated by their constant intertribal warfare.
when they realized that agriculture was more profitable than hunting.
after such famous leaders as Geronimo and Sitting Bull were killed.
when the army began using artillery against them.
by the coming of the railroads and the virtual extermination of the buffalo.

9. One major problem with the Homestead Act was that the government continued to try to maximize its revenue from public lands.
160 acres were inadequate for productive farming on the rain-scarce Great Plains.
Midwestern farmers had to give up raising livestock because of stiff competition with the West.
most homesteaders knew little or nothing about farming.
Native Americans laid waste to thousands of homestead farms.

10. "Thus it appears that Hawaii was taken possession of by the United States forces without the consent or wish of the government of the islands, or of anybody else so far as shown, except the United States Minister. Therefore the military occupation of Honolulu by the United States on the day mentioned was wholly without justification, either as an occupation by consent or as an occupation necessitated by dangers threatening American life and property." President Grover Cleveland, Message to Congress, December 18, 1893

According to the passage, President Cleveland believed that

American lives had been threatened by Hawaiians.
Americans had unjustly taken control of Hawaii.
Hawaii would provide a vital base for the U.S. Navy.
Hawaiians had requested U.S. military intervention.
the United States should annex Hawaii as soon as possible.