1. Although ________ became extinct in the Western Hemisphere about 8,000 B.C.E., it (they)
became a vital part of Plains culture after the Spanish reintroduced it (them).
A) bison B) corn C) dogs D) apples E) horses

2. The government's administration of Indian affairs was notable over the years for its
A) dedicated public servants.
B) careful long-range planning.
C) pursuit of Native American rights.
D) level of corruption.
E) Christian charity toward tribes.

3. After the Homestead Act had been in effect for several years, Congress concluded that it
A) should be repealed because it was so fraud-ridden.
B) had worked better than they expected.
C) did not allow enough acreage for farms west of the Mississippi.
D) provided a needed "safety valve" for eastern workers.
E) had unfortunately allowed whites to take Indian lands.

4. Available evidence seems to indicate that as far as railroad profits made from selling their land grants are concerned,
A) only the Union Pacific made great profits.
B) no railroad made great profits.
C) nearly all railroads waxed fat.
D) most railroads suffered drastic losses.
E) only the Central Pacific made great profits.

5. Open-range cattle raising was virtually ended by the
A) importation of cheap beef from Argentina.
B) completion of the transcontinental railroad.
C) registration of cattle brands and improvements in scientific breeding.
D) combination of the drought of 1886 and the blizzards of 1886-87.
E) hoof-and-mouth epidemic of the 1880s.

6. After the railroads, the second most important development in America's industrial advance
in the late 19th century was the transformation of
A) electrical utilities.
B) petroleum production.
C) iron manufacturing.
D) flour and other grain milling.
E) precision tool manufacturing.

7. As a result of the intense competition among railroads,
A) the railroads were unstable financially and vulnerable to any downturn in the business
cycle.
B) industrial decentralization was encouraged.
C) railroad rates dropped dramatically and uniformly on all lines.
D) costs for small shippers decreased more than they did for any other group.
E) the railroads were financially stable and generally unharmed by any downturn in the
business cycle.

8. The Supreme Court decision in the Wabash case concerned
A) patent rights.
B) civil rights for blacks.
C) corporation mergers.
D) early railroad regulation.
E) union rights.

9. The first union to welcome blacks, women, and immigrants into its ranks was the
A) Knights of Labor.
B) National Labor Union.
C) American Federation of Labor.
D) Industrial Workers of the World.
E) Socialist Workers Party.

10. In the late 19th century, wealth, power, and influence were
A) available to anyone who worked hard and was honest.
B) increasingly concentrated among the largest financiers.
C) more evenly distributed than at any other previous time in American history.
D) increasing among farmers in the Great Plains.
E) concentrated among the new college educated professionals.

11. In the new types of work, women found in the late nineteenth century, they
A) were still generally unable to enter the male dominated professions of teaching and
nursing.
B) earned less as clerks and "typewriters" than they did as unskilled factory workers.
C) were still outnumbered by men as salespersons and cashiers in the new department
stores.
D) had less pleasant working conditions as clerks than they did as unskilled factory
workers.
E) were often hired as salespersons in department stores because managers considered
them easier to control than men.

12. After 1870, American public education
A) finally stabilized after 40 years of enormous change.
B) underwent a revolution in teaching methods which stressed strict discipline and rote
learning.
C) was most forward-looking in the South.
D) was not particularly affected by the changes in post-Civil War society.
E) changed steadily in response to the many social and economic changes of the era.

13. The urban ethnic neighborhoods of the late 19th century were
A) ghettos in the European sense.
B) crowded and unhealthy.
C) destroyers of traditional immigrant culture.
D) the main cause of urban problems.
E) model communities with high living standards.

14. Late 19th century spectator sports were notable for their
A) prohibitions on gambling and betting.
B) chivalry and lack of brutality.
C) mixture of upper- and working-class interests.
D) predominantly rural audiences.
E) church sponsorship and high moral tone.

15. How did Roman Catholic Church leaders respond to the problems of industrialism?
A) They were deeply concerned with the social causes of urban vice and misery.
B) They tended to see vice as a personal matter and poverty as an act of God.
C) They dominated the Social Gospel Movement.
D) They strongly defended the right to strike.
E) They focused on improving the safety of the factories where so many of their members
were employed.

16. In The Higher Learning in America, Thorstein Veblen
A) called for creation of a series of land-grant universities.
B) praised the elective system.
C) advocated creation of a national university in Washington, D.C.
D) applauded the triumph of practical over humanistic education.
E) criticized the intrusion of business into universities.

17. The emphasis of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. upon evolutionary change had a profound impact
upon 20th century
A) education.
B) jurisprudence.
C) astronomy.
D) anthropology.
E) medicine.

18. American painters of the late 19th century such as Winslow Homer and Thomas Eakins
painted in a style called
A) impressionism.
B) luminism.
C) neo-classicism.
D) realism.
E) naturalism

19. A form of popular education which illustrated the popular desire for new information in the
late 19th century was the
A) Chautauqua movement.
B) kindergarten.
C) settlement house reading session.
D) Sunday school.
E) Lyceum.

20. The new technology of the web press and the linotype machine
A) sharply cut printing costs for newspapers.
B) allowed the printing of longer manuscripts.
C) led to higher quality illustrations in magazines.
D) demanded higher quality paper.
E) made the typewrite obsolete.

Bonus (1 extra point)
21. Because of the increase in both the number of college graduates and the influence of alumni, in
the late 19th century American higher education
A) regained its focus on training clergy.
B) dominated the values of the larger society, rather than merely reflecting those values.
C) became the dominant force in the economy.
D) was increasingly focused on social activities, fraternities, and organized athletics with
winning teams.
E) developed programs in graduate education which attracted students from all over the
world.