The District of Columbia, that is, Washington, D.C., which has very strict gun control laws, is suing the Big Gun Manufacturer's for negligently "over-supplying" guns to the bordering state of Virginia, which has very liberal gun laws. The District is contending that many of guns, though sold legally in Virginia, end up in the District where they are used in crimes, causing property loss and damage as well as health insurance costs that the District public health care system must shoulder. Specifically, the District is contending that it is reasonably foreseeable that supplying so many guns to Virginia will cause the aforementioned harms in the District. What legal principle, essential for a negligent lawsuit, is the District attempting to establish?

a. Comparative negligence

b. Assault and battery

c. Proximate causation

d. Intent to cause injury