The "crisis of conscience" that affected some European thinkers in the late seventeenth century meant that
A) they no longer believed in God.
B) they had given up hope about the future of the world.
C) they had come to the conclusion that the truth lay in divine revelation.
D) they were slowly moving from traditional medieval ideas to modern views.

Which is a correct statement about the Scientific Revolution?
A) Late medieval technology had little impact on the new learning.
B) Early modern scientists built on the work of medieval thinkers.
C) Most of the new discoveries were done within the context of the Aristotelian-Ptolemaic system.
D) Mathematics played a minor role in the discoveries.

A powerful influence on seventeenth-century political thought was the
A) writing of St. Thomas Aquinas.
B) collapse of manorialism in western Europe.
C) rise of a large laboring class.
D) English Civil War.

Regarding Galileo's astronomical writings, the Catholic Church
A) readily accepted them as confirming biblical scripture.
B) agreed with his findings after summoning a church council.
C) arrested Galileo and threatened to torture him.
D) ignored him, although it declared his ideas to be unacceptable.

Galileo's important discoveries were influenced by his
A) determination to win favor with the church.
B) reliance on the theory of Ptolemy.
C) use of the new technological invention, the telescope.
D) dependence on the writings of Thomas Aquinas.

Bishop Bossuet's arguments for the divine right of kings rested on
A) the Qur'an's statements about Allah.
B) his beliefs that God gave certain men the right to rule.
C) the assumption that a king's subjects possess certain basic rights.
D) the long-standing feudal law of right to property that the lord had over his knights.

Hobbes reasoned that the best form of government is a(n)
A) constitutional monarchy limited by the doctrine of natural rights.
B) absolutist state with the ruler completely controlling the people.
C) enlightened aristocracy in which the best people rule.
D) democracy where there is rule of the people, by the people, and for the people.

A major source of seventeenth-century political thought was the
A) writing of Byzantine historians.
B) work of Arab scholars.
C) period's scientific discoveries.
D) uncovering of medieval manuscripts on feudal law.

Which of the following is the name for the theory that the universe is earth-centered?
A) heliocentrism
B) geocentrism
C) supralunar
D) sublunar

Both Hobbes and Locke agreed that the basis of government should be a(n)
A) constitution.
B) entail.
C) social contract.
D) gentleman's agreement.

John Locke is considered to be the father of which political school of thought?
A) communism
B) totalitarianism
C) early liberalism
D) social welfare thought

Hobbes's legacy to modern political thought was a theory of
A) self-government.
B) absolutism.
C) liberalism.
D) socialism.

In the Middle Ages, Aristotle's science began to be undermined by the
A) spread of the deductive method.
B) use of the Bible as a guide for research.
C) acceptance of the Ptolemaic order of the universe.
D) application of inductive reasoning.

Pascal's attitude toward the existence of God was that
A) God did not exist.
B) one gained nothing by mistakenly believing in God but stood to lose everything by mistakenly asserting that God did not exist.
C) it made no difference if God did or did not exist.
D) no one could ever prove the existence of God.

One of the major contributions that Fontenelle made was to
A) reinforce the stand of the Roman Catholic Church against early modern science.
B) push the political ideas of Bishop Bousset.
C) argue for limitation of information to the public.
D) explain to the public the findings of seventeenth-century science.

The seventeenth century witnessed the
A) end of witchcraft trials.
B) beginning of industrial capitalism.
C) full acceptance of the heliocentric view of the universe.
D) origins of liberal political theory.

A consequence of Kepler's scientific research was that
A) his startling discoveries made further investigation unnecessary.
B) the circular movement of planets was proven correct.
C) the sun-centered universe could now be understood in mathematical terms.
D) the belief that the planets moved in irregular orbits was reinforced.

Newton, the pioneer of modern science, can be described as a religious person who never doubted the existence of God
A) True
B) False

Hugo Grotius's political ideas were influenced by his personal experiences during the Thirty Years' War.
A) True
B) False

Neo-Platonism affected the rise of modern science by emphasizing the power of mathematics.
A) True
B) False

A result of the migration of Europeans overseas during the seventeenth century was a relaxation of control over the overseas colonies.
A) True
B) False