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Sex Chromosomes in determining sex
Human body consists of 23 pairs of chromosome, the first 22 pairs of them are autosomes, and these are non sex chromosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes. A human therefore have 46 chromosomes, since they are paired together they are called diploids. Chromosomes are segment of genes that consist of protein and DNA and the carrier of heredity (Bailey, 2014). Our chromosomes dictate who we are from hair color to our sex. The female sex cell is called an ovum and is labeled with XX alleles. A male sex cell called a spermatozoon labeled XY. Since female chromosome are label XX, they are called homogametic, having the same type of sex chromosome, and male XY are called heterogametic, having both male and female sex chromosomes (Bailey, 2014). Sex cells are called gametes. Gametes are reproductive cells and are haploid, since they are unpaired chromosome. During fertilization the male gamete fertilizes the female gamete, producing a zygote (fertilize ovum). During fertilization both female and male gametes goes through a process called meiosis, where both sex cells are fused together (Bailey, 2014). Hence the zygote receives 23 chromosomes from both parents hence making it a diploid' having a total of 46 chromosome that are paired together. The zygote now carries half genetics from both parents creating a unique individual. Since the male gamete has both sex chromosomes, it is the male gamete that determines the sex of the child. If the egg is fertilized by a Y sperm the zygote will be XY a male. On the other hand if the egg is fertilized by a male X sperm the zygote will be XX a female (Saladin, 2015). The chance is therefore greater to produce a girl, since three of the four chromosomes are Xs.
Bailey, G. (2014).How chromosomes determine sex. Retrieved on May 22, 2016 from http://biology.about.com/od/basicgenetics/p/chromosgender.htm
Saladin, K. S. (2015). Anatomy & Physiology: The unity of form and function. (7th Ed.). New York, NY: McGraw- Hill.