Read and answer all questions related to the case study below.

BMW is the ultimate driving machine. Manufactured by the German Company, Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, BMW stands for both performance and luxury. The company was founded in 1916 as an air craft-engine manufacturer and produced engines during World War I and World War II. It evolved into a motorcycle and automobile maker by the mid-20th century, and today it is an internationally respected company and brand with €53 billion (about $76 billion) in revenues in 2008.

BMW's logo is one of the most distinct and globally recognized ever created. The signature BMW roundel looks like a spinning propeller blade set against a blue sky background- originally thought to be a tribute to the company's founding days as an aircraft engine manufacturer. Recently, however, a New York Times reporter revealed that the logo, which features the letters BMW at the top of the outer ring and a blue-and-white checkered design in the inner ring, was trademarked in 1917 and meant to show the colors of the Free State Of Bavaria, where the company is headquartered.

BMW's growth exploded in the 1980s and 1990s, when it successfully targeted the growing market of baby boomers and professional yuppies who put work first and wanted a car that spoke of their success. The result: sporty sedans with exceptional performance and a brand that stood for prestige and achievement. The cars, which came in a 3, 5, or 7 series, were basically the same design in three different sizes. The 1980s was also a time when yuppies made Beemer and Bimmer, slang terms for BMW's cars and motorcycles, popular names that are still used today. At the turn of the century, consumers' attitude towards cars changed. Research showed that they care less about the bragging rights of the BMW brand and instead desired a variety of design, size, price, and style choices. As a result, the company took several steps to grow its product line by targeting specific market segments, which resulted in unique premium-priced cars such as SUVs, convertibles, roadsters, and less expensive compact cars, the 1 series. In addition, BMW redesigned its 3, 5, and 7 Series cars, making them unique in appearance yet remaining exceptional in performance. BMW's full range of cars now include the 1 Series, 3 Series, 5 Series, 6 Series, and 7 Series, X3 SUV, X5 SUV, X6 SUV, Z4 ( Roadster), and M. The redesign of the 7 Series, BMW'S most luxurious car, targeted a group called "upper conservatives." These wealthy, traditional consumers traditionally don't like the sportier cars, so BMW added an influx of electronic components such as multiple options to control the windows, seats, airflow, and lights, a push button ignition, and night vision, all controlled by a point-and-click system called iDrive. These enhancements were created to add comfort and luxury and attract consumers away from the competitors like Jaguar and Mercedes.

BMW successfully launched the X5 by targeting "upper liberals" who achieved success in the 1990s and had gone on to have children and take up extracurricular activities such as biking, golf, and skiing. These consumers needed a bigger car for their active lifestyles and growing families, so BMW created a high performance luxury SUV. BMW refers to its SUVs as sport activity vehicles in order to appeal even more to these active consumers.

BMW created the lower-priced 1 Series and X3 SUV to target the "modern mainstream," a group who are also family-focused and active but had previously avoided BMWs because of the premium cost. The 1 Series reached this group with its lower price point, sporty design, and aspiration to own a luxury brand. The X3 also hit home with its smaller, less expensive SUV design.

BMW introduced convertibles and roadsters to target "post-moderns," a high-income group that continues to attract attention with more showy, flamboyant cars. BMW's 6 Series, a flashier version of the high-end 7 Series also targeted this group.

BMW uses a wide range of advertising tactics to reach each of its target markets but has kept the tagline "The Ultimate Driving Machine" for over 35 years. During that time, U.S. sales of BMW vehicles have grown from 15,000 units in 1974 to approximately 250,000 in 2009. BMW owners are very loyal to the brand, and enthusiasts host an annual Bimmerfest each year to celebrate their cars. The company nurtures these loyal consumers and continues to research, innovate, and reach out to specific segment groups year after year.

Questions

1. What are the pros and cons to BMW's selective target marketing? What has the firm donewell over the years and where could it improve?

2. BMW's sales slipped during the worldwide recession in 2008 and 2009. Is its segmentation strategy too selective? Why or why not?

3. List and explain 3 perceived demographic variables and 2 perceived psychographiccharacteristics for the BMW 730i.

Sources: Stephen Williams, "BMW Roundel: Not Born from Planes," New York Times, January 7, 2010; Gail Edmonson, "BMW's Crashing the Compact Market," BusinessWeek, June 28, 2004; Neil Boudette, "BMW's Push to Broaden Line Hits Some Bumps in the Road," Wall Street Journal, January 10,2005; Boston Chapter BMW Club Car of America, boston-bmwcca.org; bmw.org, Annual Report, Company History, January 22, 2010.